%PDF-1.3 %忏嫌 2 0 obj << /Length 7435 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 56.6929 531.5296 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ABSTRACT )Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.3073 0 TD 0.0325 Tw (- Gametophyte development is a highly coor-)Tj -5.3073 -1.2222 TD 0 Tc 0.066 Tw (dinated process that requires interactions between sporo-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.3034 Tw [(phytic and gametophytic tissues in reproductive struc-)]TJ T* 0.1635 Tw (tures. Male gametophyte development occurs in anthers)Tj T* 0.1717 Tw [(and proceeds through a series of well-defined develop-)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1285 Tw [(mental stages. Disruption of nor)-14.1(mal anther development)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0402 Tw (often results in male sterility \(i.e., the inability to produce)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.098 Tw [(functional pollen\). Male sterility has been widely studied)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1602 Tw [(in response to both its biological significance and com-)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.3349 Tw [(mercial use in hybrid seed production. These studies)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2204 Tw [(have led to the identification of numerous male sterile)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1161 Tw [(mutants that can be classified into two groups based on)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2439 Tw [(their patter)-15(n of inheritance. Genic male sterility results)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.2434 Tw [(when lesions in nuclear)9.6(-encoded genes disrupt nor)-14.1(mal)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.133 Tw (anther development; over 40 genic male sterility loci af-)Tj T* 0.0205 Tw (fecting nearly all stages of development have been identi-)Tj T* 0.1537 Tw [(fied. Cytoplasmic male sterility \(cms\) is a mater)-15(nally in-)]TJ T* 0.0805 Tw (herited inability to produce viable pollen that is associat-)Tj T* 0.6234 Tw (ed with novel mitochondrial open reading frames)Tj T* 0.0579 Tw (\(mtORFs\). In maize, three major types of cms, which can)Tj T* 0.1563 Tw [(be distinguished by molecular markers and the nuclear)9.7(-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.0712 Tw (encoded restorer genes that overcome the deleterious ef-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.3993 Tw [(fects of the mtORF)89.7(, have been identified. Significant)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.0628 Tw (progress has been made in understanding the fundamen-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0202 Tw (tal basis of male sterility over the past 80 years. In this re-)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1993 Tw (view recent developments in male sterility research are)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0206 Tw (discussed with particular emphasis on genetic defects and)Tj T* 0 Tw (molecular and cytological characterizations.)Tj 0 -2.4444 TD 0.1748 Tw (KEY WORDS: Genic and cytoplasmic male sterility; An-)Tj 0 -1.2222 TD 0 Tw (ther development; Male sterility genes.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 386.9046 530.8237 Tm (INTRODUCTION)Tj /F1 1 Tf -6.092 -2.4 TD 0 Tc 0.1402 Tw [(Sexual reproduction in maize is a developmen-)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.3746 Tw (tally regulated process that requires coordinated)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1087 Tw (gene expression among multiple cell types in both)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.0931 Tw (male and female reproductive tissues. When game-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0715 Tw [(togenesis is blocked at one or more developmental)]TJ T* 0.0857 Tw (stages, sterility results from the inability to produce)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.0125 Tw (viable gametes. Male sterility refers to those cases in)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2858 Tw (which viable male gametes \(i.e., pollen\) are not)Tj T* 0.2334 Tw (produced. The screening for and identification of)Tj T* 0.0277 Tw (male sterile mutants in maize are rapid and straight-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.2742 Tw (forward, mainly due to the easily distinguishable)Tj T* 0.1007 Tw [(floral morphology. These attributes have led to the)]TJ T* 0.0392 Tw [(identification of numerous loci af)-10(fecting male fertili-)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0041 Tw (ty, the first of which was reported over 80 years ago)Tj T* 0 Tw (\(E)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 321.0078 338.8238 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 10 0 0 10 342.4531 338.8238 Tm -0.0001 Tc (, 1921\).)Tj -1.6469 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.2298 Tw (In maize there are two general types of male)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0907 Tw [(sterility: genic and cytoplasmic. Genic male sterility)]TJ T* 0.1056 Tw [(occurs when lesions in nuclear)9.6(-encoded genes dis-)]TJ T* 0.0383 Tw [(rupt nor)-14(mal male gametogenesis. Genic male sterile)]TJ T* 0.2314 Tw (mutants can be either dominant or recessive and)Tj T* 0.2358 Tw [(typically exhibit Mendelian inheritance. Numerous)]TJ T* 0.2934 Tw [(genic male sterile mutants af)-9.9(fecting over 40 loci)]TJ T* 0 Tw [(have been identified in maize \(T)26.7(able 1\).)]TJ 1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.1585 Tw [(Cytoplasmic male sterility \(cms\) is a mater)-15(nally)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.2974 Tw (inherited inability to produce viable pollen. This)Tj T* 0.1209 Tw (phenomenon is widely distributed within the plant)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0851 Tw (kingdom and has been identified in more than 140)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1309 Tw (plant species, including maize, rice, sunflower and)Tj T* 0.2248 Tw (tomato \(L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 355.4455 170.8236 Tm 0 Tw (ASER)Tj 10 0 0 10 377.8379 170.8236 Tm 0.225 Tw (and L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 404.0798 170.8236 Tm 0 Tw (ERSTEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 430.024 170.8236 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2247 Tw [(, 1972\). While both the)]TJ -11.8213 -1.2 TD 0.172 Tw [(mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes are mater-)]TJ T* 0.0427 Tw (nally inherited, in all tested cases, cms has been as-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.6769 Tw (sociated with mutations in the mitochondrial)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw (genome \(S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 358 122.8237 Tm 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 394.0437 122.8237 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 422.4372 122.8237 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 432.6344 122.8237 Tm -0.0001 Tc (, 1998\).)Tj -10.665 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.026 Tw (Male sterility has been widely studied for its bio-)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.1732 Tw (logical significance. In addition, understanding the)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2372 Tw (fundamental basis of genic and cytoplasmic male)Tj T* 0.1715 Tw [(sterility has the potential to lead to more ef)-9.9(ficient)]TJ /F2 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 436.0592 730.6606 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Maydica 50 \(2005\): 367-376)Tj ET 0 0 0 0 k 56.69 693.79 481.89 -155.91 re f BT 14 0 0 14 209.461 683.9061 Tm 0 0 0 1 k (MALE STERILITY IN MAIZE)Tj 10 0 0 10 213.8812 659.101 Tm (D.S. Skibbe)Tj 8 0 0 8 266.6595 661.741 Tm (a,b,1,*)Tj 10 0 0 10 289.5287 659.101 Tm [(, P)77.7(.S. Schnable)]TJ 8 0 0 8 356.9237 661.741 Tm (a,b,c,d)Tj /F3 1 Tf -23.0869 -2.8535 TD 0 Tc (a)Tj 10 0 0 10 179.9464 636.2726 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(Molecular)42.9(, Cellular and Developmental Biology Pr)-29.9(ogram)]TJ 8 0 0 8 176.9569 625.6843 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj 10 0 0 10 184.3465 623.0443 Tm -0.0001 Tc (Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology)Tj 8 0 0 8 239.6759 612.4559 Tm 0 Tc (c)Tj 10 0 0 10 246.5616 609.8159 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(Department of Agr)-29.9(onomy)]TJ 8 0 0 8 244.4683 599.2276 Tm 0 Tc (d)Tj 10 0 0 10 252.1939 596.5875 Tm -0.0001 Tc (Plant Sciences Institute)Tj -4.579 -1.2 TD (Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011 USA)Tj /F1 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 258.2042 561.9993 Tm (Received May 29, 2005)Tj 6 0 0 6 70.8661 116.1013 Tm 0 Tc (1)Tj 8 0 0 8 78.3462 114.1214 Tm 0.24 Tw (Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, 385)Tj -2.7067 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.)Tj 1.7716 -2.5 TD 0.6139 Tw (* For correspondence \(fax: +1 650 725-8221; e.mail:)Tj -1.7716 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (skibbe@stanford.edu\).)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.354 w 10 M []0 d 56.69 129.69 m 113.39 129.69 l S Q endstream endobj 3 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Length 17193 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 56.6929 730.6606 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(368)-22331.2(D.S. SKIBBE, P)102.7(.S. SCHNABLE)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 56.69 693.79 481.89 -623.62 re f BT 8 0 0 8 56.6929 688.1409 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.5149 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ABLE 1 )Tj /F2 1 Tf 3.4592 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (- )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5796 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (Genic male sterile mutants.)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 56.6929 678.7891 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 56.6929 668.4373 Tm -0.0001 Tc (Mutant \(synonym\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.9636 0 TD (Chromosome )Tj 6 0 0 6 192.8761 670.4173 Tm 0 Tc (a)Tj 8 0 0 8 268.6929 668.4373 Tm 0.0002 Tc (Reference\(s\))Tj 6 0 0 6 56.6929 659.0854 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 56.6929 648.7338 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ms1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (6S)Tj 6 0 0 6 272.5328 648.7338 Tm -0.0001 Tc (INGLETON)Tj 8 0 0 8 304.2461 648.7338 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and J)Tj 6 0 0 6 322.1602 648.7338 Tm 0 Tw (ONES)Tj 8 0 0 8 339.836 648.7338 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1930\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 371.3497 648.7338 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 401.4898 648.7338 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 421.3238 648.7338 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 444.1587 648.7338 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -48.4332 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms2)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (9E)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.1714 636.882 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 8 0 0 8 292.8863 636.882 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1931\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 324.3999 636.8819 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 354.5401 636.8819 Tm [(and)-320(P)]TJ 6 0 0 6 374.3741 636.8818 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 397.209 636.8818 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.5645 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (3E)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.1714 625.0302 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 8 0 0 8 292.8863 625.0302 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1931\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -29.5242 -1.4815 TD (ms4 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 72.8335 615.1584 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 78.3838 613.1784 Tm -0.0002 Tc (\(po1\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 23.7886 0 TD 0 Tc (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 613.1783 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 613.1783 Tm (\(1932\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -29.6943 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms5)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (5B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 601.3265 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 601.3265 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 601.3265 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 601.3265 Tm [(and)-320(P)]TJ 6 0 0 6 375.7354 601.3264 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 601.3264 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms6)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 73.2007 591.4548 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 78.751 589.4748 Tm -0.0002 Tc (\(po1\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 23.7427 0 TD 0 Tc (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 589.4747 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 589.4747 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 589.4747 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 589.4747 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 589.4747 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 589.4746 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms7)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (7B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 577.6229 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 577.6229 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 577.6229 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 577.6229 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 577.6229 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 577.6228 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms8)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (8B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 565.7711 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 565.7711 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 565.7711 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 565.7711 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 565.7711 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 565.771 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms9)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (1B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 553.9194 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 553.9193 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 553.9193 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 553.9193 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 553.9193 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 553.9193 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms10)Tj /F1 1 Tf 13.6732 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-11826.8(B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 273.8121 542.0675 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 542.0675 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 542.0674 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 542.0674 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 542.0674 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 542.0674 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms11)Tj /F1 1 Tf 13.6732 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-11826.8(B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 273.8121 530.2158 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 530.2158 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 530.2158 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 530.2158 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 530.2158 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 530.2158 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms12)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (1B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 518.364 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 518.364 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 518.364 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 518.364 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 518.364 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 518.364 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms13)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (5B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 506.5123 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 506.5123 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 506.5123 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 506.5123 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 506.5123 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 506.5123 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms14)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (1B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 494.6605 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 494.6605 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1932\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.7613 494.6605 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 355.9014 494.6605 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 375.7354 494.6605 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5704 494.6605 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7347 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms15)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 77.5835 484.7887 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj 8 0 0 8 268.6929 482.8087 Tm (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 482.8087 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 482.8087 Tm (\(1932\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -29.6943 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms16)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 77.5835 472.9369 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj 8 0 0 8 268.6929 470.9569 Tm (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 470.9568 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 294.2476 470.9568 Tm (\(1932\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -29.6943 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms17)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (1E)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.1714 459.1051 Tm -0.0002 Tc (MERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 299.125 459.1051 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1932a\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 334.4786 459.1051 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 364.6187 459.1051 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 384.4527 459.1051 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 407.2876 459.1051 Tm (\(1981\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -43.8243 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms18)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 77.5835 449.2333 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj 8 0 0 8 170.2701 447.2533 Tm 11.8029 Tc (1E)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.1714 447.2533 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 8 0 0 8 292.8863 447.2533 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1934\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -29.5242 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms19)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 77.5835 437.3815 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj 8 0 0 8 170.2701 435.4015 Tm 11.8029 Tc (9E)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.1714 435.4014 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 8 0 0 8 292.8863 435.4014 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1934\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -29.5242 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms20)Tj /F1 1 Tf 26.5 0 TD 0 Tc (E)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.1714 423.5497 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 8 0 0 8 292.8863 423.5497 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1934\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -29.5242 -1.4815 TD (Ms21 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 76.8882 413.6779 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj 8 0 0 8 170.2701 411.6979 Tm 11.8029 Tc (6S)Tj 6 0 0 6 272.5328 411.6979 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(CHW)109.6(AR)-18(TZ)]TJ 8 0 0 8 302.6143 411.6979 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1951\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -30.7402 -1.4815 TD (ms22 \(msca1\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (7W)Tj 6 0 0 6 276.0523 399.846 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EST)Tj 8 0 0 8 288.3287 399.846 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and A)Tj 6 0 0 6 308.8033 399.8459 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 338.9434 399.8459 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1985\); T)Tj 6 0 0 6 369.9766 399.8458 Tm 0 Tw (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 396.0503 399.8461 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (. \(2001\); C)Tj 6 0 0 6 446.6304 399.846 Tm 0 Tw (HAUBAL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 472.2266 399.8461 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2003\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -53.7654 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms23)Tj /F1 1 Tf 26.5 0 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 276.0523 387.9943 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EST)Tj 8 0 0 8 288.3287 387.9943 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and A)Tj 6 0 0 6 308.8033 387.9943 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 338.9434 387.9943 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1985\); C)Tj 6 0 0 6 370.2969 387.9943 Tm 0 Tw (HAUBAL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 395.8931 387.9943 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2000\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -44.2238 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms24)Tj /F1 1 Tf 13.6732 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-11826.8(W)]TJ 6 0 0 6 276.0523 376.1425 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EST)Tj 8 0 0 8 288.3287 376.1425 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and A)Tj 6 0 0 6 308.8033 376.1424 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 338.9434 376.1424 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1985\); F)Tj 6 0 0 6 369.4961 376.1424 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 380.5728 376.1426 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2002\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.3087 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms25)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (9L)Tj 6 0 0 6 272.5328 364.2908 Tm -0.0001 Tc (OUKIDES)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 300.5269 364.2908 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1995\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.303 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms26)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (1L)Tj 6 0 0 6 272.5328 352.439 Tm -0.0001 Tc (OUKIDES)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 300.5269 352.439 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1995\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.303 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms27)Tj /F1 1 Tf 26.5 0 TD 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 340.5871 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 303.9522 340.5871 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1996\); B)Tj 6 0 0 6 335.4659 340.587 Tm 0 Tw (EDINGER)Tj 8 0 0 8 363.2198 340.587 Tm -0.0002 Tc (\(unpublished\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -38.3159 -1.4814 TD (ms28)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (1G)Tj 6 0 0 6 274.6128 328.7354 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(OLUBOVSKA)100.7(Y)99.9(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 318.5606 328.7354 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and S)Tj 6 0 0 6 337.7559 328.7354 Tm 0 Tw [(ITNOKOV)110.6(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 370.2427 328.7354 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1980\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -39.1937 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms29)Tj /F1 1 Tf 13.6732 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-11826.8(T)]TJ 6 0 0 6 273.3316 316.8836 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 316.8836 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1998a\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD (ms30 \(msx\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (4T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 305.0317 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 305.0318 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1998b\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms31)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (2T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 293.18 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 293.18 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1998b\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms32)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (2C)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.6519 281.3282 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HAUBAL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.2481 281.3282 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2000\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1431 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms33)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (2T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 269.4763 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 269.4763 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1999d\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms34)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (7T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 257.6245 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 257.6245 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1999b\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD (ms35 \(ms23\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 26.5 0 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 245.7728 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 245.7728 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (. \(1999c, 2002a\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 378.3018 245.7728 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 408.4419 245.7728 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(personal communication\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -43.9686 -1.4815 TD 0 Tw (ms36)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (9T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 233.9211 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 233.9211 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1999c\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms37)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (3T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 222.0693 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 222.0693 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1999a\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD (ms38 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 77.2164 212.1975 Tm 0 Tc (c)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 82.1675 210.2175 Tm -0.0002 Tc (\(ms*WL89A\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 11.0128 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (2T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 210.2175 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 210.2175 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (. \(1998a\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 353.9854 210.2175 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 384.1255 210.2175 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1999\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -42.7528 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (Ms41)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (4N)Tj 6 0 0 6 274.2925 198.3656 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EUFFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 297.4849 198.3656 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1987\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -30.099 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (Ms42)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (5A)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 186.5139 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 303.9522 186.5139 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1993b\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.7311 -1.4815 TD (ms43 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 77.2164 176.642 Tm 0 Tc (d)Tj 8 0 0 8 170.2701 174.6621 Tm 11.8029 Tc (8G)Tj 6 0 0 6 274.6128 174.6621 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(OLUBOVSKA)100.7(Y)99.9(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 318.5606 174.6621 Tm (\(1979\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.7335 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (Ms44)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (4A)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 162.8103 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 303.9522 162.8103 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and S)Tj 6 0 0 6 323.1475 162.8103 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ELLNER)Tj 8 0 0 8 345.8623 162.8103 Tm 0.0001 Tw (\(1988\); A)Tj 6 0 0 6 377.376 162.8103 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 407.5162 162.8103 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and N)Tj 6 0 0 6 428.4712 162.8103 Tm 0 Tw (EUFFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 451.6636 162.8103 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1990\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -49.3713 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms45)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (9A)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.8121 150.9585 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 303.9522 150.9585 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1993a\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.7311 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms47)Tj /F1 1 Tf 13.6732 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-11826.8(T)]TJ 6 0 0 6 273.3316 139.1067 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 139.1067 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2002b\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms48)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (9T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 127.2549 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 127.2549 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2002c\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms49)Tj /F1 1 Tf 13.6732 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-11826.8(T)]TJ 6 0 0 6 273.3316 115.4031 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 115.4031 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2002d\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms50)Tj /F1 1 Tf 14.1971 0 TD 11.8029 Tc (6T)Tj 6 0 0 6 273.3316 103.5514 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 299.4053 103.5514 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2002e\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -32.1628 -1.4815 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms52)Tj /F1 1 Tf 13.6732 0 TD 0 Tc [(10)-11826.8(A)]TJ 6 0 0 6 273.8121 91.6996 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 303.9522 91.6996 Tm (\(personal communication\))Tj 6 0 0 6 56.6929 82.3478 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj -60.3356 -1.3953 TD 0 Tc (a)Tj 8 0 0 8 62.1314 71.9959 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0001 Tw (A portion of the mapping data was incorporated from A)Tj 6 0 0 6 256.1529 71.9959 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 286.293 71.9959 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1997\), )Tj 6 0 0 6 312.6875 73.976 Tm 0 Tc (b)Tj 8 0 0 8 318.605 71.9959 Tm -0.0002 Tc (Original stock lost, )Tj 6 0 0 6 385.9351 73.976 Tm 0 Tc (c)Tj 8 0 0 8 391.2535 71.9959 Tm -0.0001 Tc (Renamed from )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.6592 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms30)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj 6 0 0 6 467.4956 73.976 Tm 0 Tc (d)Tj 8 0 0 8 473.4131 71.9959 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(For)-14.1(merly )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 4.1726 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ms29.)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 11 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 13 0 obj << /Length 11890 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 56.6929 686.7292 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0.0254 Tw [(methods of hybrid seed production and thus have a)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tw (significant impact on agriculture.)Tj 1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0921 Tw (Since the first report of male sterility, significant)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.0532 Tw (progress has been made towards understanding the)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.078 Tw (basis of male sterility in maize, and various aspects)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1027 Tw (of these advances have been summarized in previ-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tc 0.2504 Tw (ous reviews \(D)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 127.1193 614.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (UVICK)Tj 10 0 0 10 149.1652 614.7292 Tm 0.2507 Tw (, 1965; L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 190.5705 614.7292 Tm 0 Tw (AUGHNAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 232.7228 614.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2509 Tw (and G)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 261.8239 614.7291 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 10 0 0 10 280.2663 614.7291 Tm 0 Tc (-)Tj -22.3573 -1.2 TD (L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 61.4927 602.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 97.9399 602.7292 Tm 0.0697 Tw (, 1983; M)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 138.9239 602.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ACKENZIE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 177.7612 602.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0597 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8834 0 TD 0.0697 Tw (., 1994; H)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 239.5791 602.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ORNER)Tj 10 0 0 10 267.4685 602.7292 Tm (and)Tj -21.0776 -1.2 TD 0 Tc (P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 61.6392 590.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ALMER)Tj 10 0 0 10 84.5841 590.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1303 Tw (, 1995; S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 123.5813 590.7292 Tm 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 160.9278 590.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1305 Tw (and W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 190.6242 590.7292 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 200.8213 590.7291 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1303 Tw (, 1998; W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 244.2179 590.7291 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 258.9161 590.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1116 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9353 0 TD -0.0005 Tc 0 Tw (.,)Tj -22.1576 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.12 Tw (1999\). The purpose of this review is to summarize)Tj T* 0.0054 Tw [(recent developments in male sterility with respect to)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0806 Tw (genetic defects and molecular and cytological char-)Tj T* 0 Tw (acterization.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 -2.4 TD [(Use of male sterile systems in agricultur)15.7(e)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0157 Tw (Hybrid vigor is a phenomenon that has been ap-)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.1082 Tw [(plied since the 1930s to increase cor)-15(n grain yields.)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.0695 Tw [(The production of hybrid maize seed requires a di-)]TJ T* 0.0102 Tw [(rectional cross to be per)-11(for)-13.9(med between two inbred)]TJ T* 0.0895 Tw (lines, where pollen from one inbred line \(the male)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1291 Tw [(parent or pollen donor\) is used to fertilize the ear)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.1445 Tw (from the second inbred line \(the female parent or)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.42 Tw (pollen recipient\). Since maize is a monoecious)Tj T* 0.083 Tw (plant, the pollen production of the pollen recipient)Tj T* 0.3269 Tw (\(female row\) must be controlled via mechanical)Tj T* 0.012 Tw [(emasculation or genetic \(genic or cms\) methods. Al-)]TJ T* 0.2427 Tw [(though very ef)-9.9(fective, mechanical emasculation is)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0294 Tw (both time-consuming and expensive. It is also detri-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.13 Tw (mental to plant growth and thus reduces the yield)Tj T* 0.0138 Tw [(of hybrid seed because a portion of the plant誷 pho-)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (tosynthetic body is destroyed during emasculation.)Tj 1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3579 Tw [(An alter)-15(native approach to controlling pollen)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0771 Tw (production in the female parent takes advantage of)Tj T* 0.0459 Tw [(the existing male sterile systems that prevent pollen)]TJ T* 0.1847 Tw [(production due to mater)-15(nally inherited genetic le-)]TJ T* 0.2198 Tw [(sions. One particular cms system \(T)34.8(exas \(T\)-cyto-)]TJ T* 0.0491 Tw (plasm\) was successfully used for maize hybrid seed)Tj T* 0.1283 Tw (production throughout the 1960s. However T-cyto-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0552 Tw (plasm lines exhibit high susceptibility to two fungal)Tj T* 0 Tw (pathogens, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.3164 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 1.1118 Tw [(Mycosphaer)-32.1(ella zeae-maydis )]TJ /F1 1 Tf 14.7612 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (and)Tj /F3 1 Tf -21.0776 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0034 Tw [(Cochliobolus heter)-29.9(ostr)-29.9(ophus )]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12.26 0 TD 0.0002 Tc 0.0036 Tw [(race T)51.9(.)0.4( The T-cytoplasm)]TJ -12.26 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.3968 Tw [(was removed from breeding ger)-13.9(mplasm after a)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0718 Tw [(widespread and serious epidemic of Souther)-15(n Cor)-15(n)]TJ T* 0.2968 Tw (Blight, which drastically reduced maize yields in)Tj T* 0 Tw (1969 and 1970 \(W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 135.0816 158.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 148.477 158.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (., 1999\).)Tj -9.5848 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.2035 Tw (Genic male sterile mutants are problematic for)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1728 Tw [(use in hybrid seed production because of the ex-)]TJ T* 0.0425 Tw [(pense and dif)-9.9(ficulty associated with generating ster-)]TJ T* 0.0504 Tw (ile plants and rouging fertile plants from the female)Tj T* 0.0946 Tw (rows. Several methods have been used to generate)Tj T* 0.3718 Tw (stocks that produce all \(or mostly\) male sterile)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.3299 Tw [(progeny, including tertiary trisomics and inter)-15.1(nal)]TJ 25.5118 61.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.014 Tw [(deficiencies linked to male sterility \(B)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 475.2545 686.7292 Tm 0 Tw (URNHAM)Tj 10 0 0 10 506.4501 686.7292 Tm 0.014 Tw (, 1975\),)Tj -19.4639 -1.2 TD 0.2284 Tw [(but none has proven applicable on a lar)16.7(ge-scale.)]TJ T* 0.1847 Tw (Despite the undesirable characteristics, genic male)Tj T* 0.0002 Tw (sterility still holds promise in the area of commercial)Tj T* 0.1833 Tw (hybrid seed production. For example, it has been)Tj T* 0.2603 Tw [(proposed that an inducible system for producing)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.0325 Tw (male sterile plants can be generated by fusing regu-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.3997 Tw [(latory the region from the anther)9.7(-specific )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.4267 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Ms45)Tj /F1 1 Tf -20.4267 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.041 Tw [(gene to a coding region that disrupts nor)-14(mal anther)]TJ T* 0.0936 Tw (development, thereby modulating fertility in an ap-)Tj T* 0.2186 Tw [(plication specific manner \(C)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 439.5316 566.7292 Tm 0 Tw (IGAN)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 462.9143 566.7292 Tm 0.1873 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.011 0 TD 0.2187 Tw (., 2001; U.S.)Tj -17.1214 -1.2 TD 0.2627 Tw [(Patent No. 6,399,856; U.S. Patent Application)-509.8(No.)]TJ T* 0 Tw (20,040,221,331\).)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 -2.4 TD -0.0002 Tc (Anther development)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0715 Tw (Anthers develop through a series of highly coor-)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.1507 Tw [(dinated steps that are well defined at the morpho-)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.0999 Tw [(logical level \(reviewed in H)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 434.0077 482.7292 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (ORNER)Tj 10 0 0 10 461.9012 482.7292 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.1003 Tw (and P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 486.7929 482.7291 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (ALMER)Tj 10 0 0 10 509.488 482.7291 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.1001 Tw (, 1995;)Tj -19.7677 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 320.9603 470.7293 Tm -0.0069 Tc (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 334.508 470.7293 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.0301 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8265 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0352 Tw (., 1999\). Anther development can be divid-)Tj -4.0962 -1.2 TD 0.1569 Tw [(ed into two parts: microsporogenesis and microga-)]TJ T* 0.3816 Tw [(metogenesis. Microsporogenesis begins when the)]TJ T* 0.2275 Tw [(anther tissues dif)-9.9(ferentiate into distinguishable cell)]TJ T* 0.0339 Tw (layers and proceeds through the meiotic divisions of)Tj T* 0.262 Tw (the developing microspores as well as the stages)Tj T* -0.005 Tc 0.3817 Tw [(during which the tapetal cells degenerate. More)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.0763 Tw (specifically, the tapetal cell layer begins to degener-)Tj T* -0.005 Tc 0.1161 Tw (ate during the early microspore stage of anther de-)Tj T* -0.0052 Tc 0.0364 Tw [(velopment in a manner consistent with programmed)]TJ T* 0.0532 Tw (cell death \(PCD\). In support of this observation, mi-)Tj T* 0.0131 Tw (croarray analyses of anther development in the Ky21)Tj T* 0.2287 Tw [(inbred line identified four genes involved in PCD)]TJ T* -0.0049 Tc 0.1603 Tw (that are up-regulated at the early microspore stage)Tj T* -0.0052 Tc 0.0933 Tw (\(D.S. S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 341.3832 302.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (KIBBE)Tj 10 0 0 10 362.2784 302.7293 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.0931 Tw (, L. B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 386.6296 302.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (ORSUK)Tj 10 0 0 10 410.3758 302.7293 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.0931 Tw (, D. N)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 437.9277 302.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (ETTLETON)Tj 10 0 0 10 473.6693 302.7293 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.0931 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 503.4895 302.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 535.9851 302.7293 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.022 Tw [(unpublished results\). T)31.8(ransition into microgametoge-)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.2315 Tw (nesis occurs when the microspore nucleus under-)Tj T* -0.0051 Tc 0.0777 Tw (goes a mitotic division to create a binucleate pollen)Tj T* 0.0774 Tw (grain containing a generative cell and a pollen tube)Tj T* 0.2036 Tw [(cell. Next, the generative cell under)16.6(goes a second)]TJ T* 0.1161 Tw [(mitotic division to for)-14.1(m two sper)-14(m cells, creating a)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.1103 Tw (mature, three-celled male gametophyte that is com-)Tj T* -0.0052 Tc 0 Tw (petent for pollination.)Tj /F4 1 Tf 0 -2.4 TD -0.0002 Tc [(Developmental nomenclatur)15.7(e systems)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1412 Tw [(The morphological changes associated with an-)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.3204 Tw (ther development have been described over the)Tj T* 0.3686 Tw (past 40 years \(M)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 393.6533 146.7293 Tm 0 Tw (OSS)Tj 10 0 0 10 413.5859 146.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.3688 Tw (and H)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 443.8663 146.7293 Tm 0 Tw (ESLOP)Tj 10 0 0 10 465.3116 146.7293 Tm (-H)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 475.9098 146.7293 Tm (ARRISON)Tj 10 0 0 10 506.503 146.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3686 Tw (, 1967;)Tj -19.4692 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 320.1863 134.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ARMKE)Tj 10 0 0 10 348.0807 134.7293 Tm 0.0404 Tw (and L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 372.4765 134.7293 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (EE)Tj 10 0 0 10 380.8738 134.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0402 Tw (, 1977; C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 419.4678 134.7293 Tm 0 Tw (HENG)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 443.6158 134.7293 Tm [(et)-360.1(al)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.9098 0 TD 0.0402 Tw (., 1979; A)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 504.1057 134.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 10 0 0 10 311.811 122.7293 Tm 0.1441 Tw (and P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 338.0421 122.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 10 0 0 10 363.3875 122.7293 Tm 0.1439 Tw (, 1981; H)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 405.2564 122.7293 Tm 0 Tw (SU)Tj 10 0 0 10 418.7427 122.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1439 Tw (and P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 444.9737 122.7293 Tm 0 Tw (ETERSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 476.7663 122.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1439 Tw (, 1981; C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 517.434 122.7293 Tm 0 Tw (HANG)Tj 10 0 0 10 311.811 110.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0015 Tw (and N)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 338.0174 110.7293 Tm 0 Tw (EUFFER)Tj 10 0 0 10 363.8096 110.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0013 Tw (, 1988; H)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 402.8264 110.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ORNER)Tj 10 0 0 10 430.0314 110.7293 Tm 0.0015 Tw (and P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 454.1845 110.7293 Tm 0 Tw (ALMER)Tj 10 0 0 10 477.1295 110.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0013 Tw (, 1995; W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 517.9456 110.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 531.3535 110.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et)Tj -21.9543 -1.2 TD (al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8269 0 TD 0.0895 Tw (., 1999\). During this time, technological advances)Tj -0.8269 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.0452 Tw (and the necessity to more precisely define develop-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1549 Tw [(mental abnor)-14(malities have led to the development)]TJ 8 0 0 8 268.2052 730.6606 Tm 0 Tw [(MALE STERILITY)-24939.1(369)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 14 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 15 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 17 0 obj << /Length 14096 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 56.6929 686.7292 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0.2266 Tw (of several nomenclature systems. In some studies)Tj 0 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.152 Tw (the descriptions of specific stages of anther devel-)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.0167 Tw (opment were expanded to allow a more precise de-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0386 Tw [(finition of the onset of developmental abnor)-14.1(malities)]TJ T* 0.0696 Tw (between fertile and sterile individuals \(e.g., W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 259.1701 638.7292 Tm 0 Tw (ARMKE)Tj 10 0 0 10 56.6929 626.7292 Tm 0.2592 Tw (and L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 83.2768 626.7292 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (EE)Tj 10 0 0 10 91.6741 626.7292 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj 0.8386 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2591 Tw (1977; C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 134.6441 626.7292 Tm 0 Tw (HENG)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 160.9803 626.7292 Tm 0.2218 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0455 0 TD 0.259 Tw (., 1979; A)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 227.2036 626.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 10 0 0 10 267.4686 626.7292 Tm (and)Tj -21.0776 -1.2 TD 0 Tc (P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 62.2911 614.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HILLIPS)Tj 10 0 0 10 87.6365 614.7292 Tm 0.0298 Tw (, 1981\), while other studies served a descrip-)Tj -3.0944 -1.2 TD 0.1029 Tw (tive purpose to improve the resolution of develop-)Tj T* 0.1337 Tw (mental processes associated with specific stages of)Tj T* 0.4247 Tw [(nor)-14(mal anther development \(H)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 203.7384 578.7292 Tm 0 Tw (SU)Tj 10 0 0 10 220.034 578.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.425 Tw (and P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 249.0744 578.7292 Tm 0 Tw (ETERSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 280.867 578.7292 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0369 Tw (1981; C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 89.0556 566.7292 Tm 0 Tw (HANG)Tj 10 0 0 10 113.7707 566.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.037 Tw (and N)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 140.3326 566.7292 Tm 0 Tw (EUFFER)Tj 10 0 0 10 166.1249 566.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0368 Tw (, 1989; H)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 205.8528 566.7291 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ORNER)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.4132 566.7291 Tm 0.037 Tw (and P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 257.922 566.7291 Tm 0 Tw (ALMER)Tj 10 0 0 10 280.8669 566.7291 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0458 Tw (1995; W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 92.1451 554.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 105.9976 554.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0392 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8629 0 TD 0.0457 Tw (., 1999\). As a consequence, multiple)Tj -6.7934 -1.2 TD 0.2799 Tw (nomenclature systems have been adopted to de-)Tj T* 0.1968 Tw [(scribe anther development. T)36.7(o)0( clarify the descrip-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.0321 Tw [(tions presented in the literature and allow for cross-)]TJ T* 0.2348 Tw (referencing among the nomenclature systems, the)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0087 Tw [(most commonly utilized systems are listed and com-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw [(pared in T)26.8(able 2.)]TJ /F4 1 Tf 0 -2.4 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Genic male sterility)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4173 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.205 Tw [(Pollen development requires coordinated inter-)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1505 Tw (action between sporophytic anther wall tissue and)Tj T* 0.1373 Tw [(the developing male gametophyte. The inability to)]TJ T* 0.4639 Tw (coordinate these events leads to male sterility.)Tj T* 0.3348 Tw [(Genic male sterility occurs when pollen fails to)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1343 Tw [(for)-14.1(m due to lesions in nuclear)9.6(-encoded genes and)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.008 Tw (has been observed in many higher plant species, in-)Tj T* 0.0747 Tw [(cluding maize, rice, tomato, soybean, pea and )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 20.7567 0 TD 0 Tw (Ara-)Tj -20.7567 -1.2 TD (bidopsis)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4102 0 TD 0.0463 Tw [(. Since the first report of genic male sterility)]TJ -3.4102 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0837 Tw (in maize \(E)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 107.3494 338.7293 Tm 0 Tw (YSTER)Tj 10 0 0 10 128.7947 338.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0836 Tw [(, 1921\), over 40 loci af)-9.9(fecting male)]TJ -7.2102 -1.2 TD 0.1652 Tw [(fertility have been identified \(T)26.7(able 1\). Cytological)]TJ T* 0.1755 Tw [(examination of a subset of these male sterile mu-)]TJ T* 0.1355 Tw [(tants showed that the lesions in the nuclear genes)]TJ 25.5118 38.4 TD 0.0306 Tw [(af)-9.9(fect nearly all stages of anther development, rang-)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD 0.1396 Tw [(ing from pre-meiosis to fully engor)16.7(ged pollen \(A)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 531.7845 674.7291 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (L)Tj 10 0 0 10 535.3844 674.7291 Tm (-)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 311.811 662.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(BER)-17.9(TSEN)]TJ 10 0 0 10 342.6881 662.7292 Tm 0.0001 Tw (, 1997; C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 380.4786 662.7291 Tm 0 Tw (HAUBAL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 412.4739 662.7292 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (., 2003\).)Tj -10.4727 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.2823 Tw (Studies in )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.0628 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (Arabidopsis )Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.5154 0 TD 0.2822 Tw (have demonstrated that)Tj -11.9955 -1.2 TD 0.149 Tw (lesions in diverse sets of genes can result in male)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0238 Tw (sterility. For example, the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 11.3908 0 TD 0 Tw (EMS1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6971 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0238 Tw (gene encodes a pu-)Tj -14.088 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.2874 Tw (tative leucine-rich repeat receptor kinase \(EMS1\),)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1093 Tw (and mutations in this gene disrupt anther develop-)Tj T* 0.313 Tw [(ment during meiosis due to the absence of the)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0152 Tw (tapetal cell layer and the failure to complete meiotic)Tj T* 0.0058 Tw (cytokinesis \(Z)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 371.8496 566.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (HAO)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 391.3035 566.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.005 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8287 0 TD 0.0058 Tw (., 2002\). Another gene, OPR3,)Tj -9.778 -1.2 TD 0.1838 Tw (encodes a jasmonic acid biosynthetic protein that,)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1429 Tw (when mutated, prevents pollen maturation and re-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (lease \(S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 344.8042 530.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc (TINTZI)Tj 10 0 0 10 371.2458 530.7292 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 396.8391 530.7292 Tm 0 Tw (ROWSE)Tj 10 0 0 10 421.7341 530.7292 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj 0.5796 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (2000\).)Tj -10.1546 -1.2 TD 0.2505 Tw (In maize, one genic male sterile gene \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 18.6085 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms45)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD 0 Tc (\))Tj -22.3173 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0253 Tw (has been cloned \(C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 396.5496 506.7292 Tm 0 Tw (IGAN)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 417.9992 506.7293 Tm 0.0218 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8455 0 TD 0.0253 Tw [(., 2001\). Comparison of)]TJ -12.4643 -1.2 TD 1.1802 Tw (its protein sequence \(GenBank Accession)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1757 Tw (AAK52489\) to the non-redundant protein database)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.138 Tw (demonstrated that it is most similar to strictosidine)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2906 Tw (synthase, a key enzyme in alkaloid biosynthesis.)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1695 Tw [(However)52.8(, the molecular mechanism by which this)]TJ T* 0.1879 Tw (gene product acts to promote male fertility is not)Tj T* 0.0721 Tw (known. Although no other genic male sterile genes)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2472 Tw (in maize have been cloned, extensive cytological)Tj T* 0.2275 Tw [(characterizations have been per)-11.1(for)-14(med on several)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0745 Tw (mutants, including: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.6853 0 TD 0 Tw (ms1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7437 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.654 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms2)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7437 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.654 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms5)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7437 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.654 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms6)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7436 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.654 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms7)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7436 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.654 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms8)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7437 0 TD 0 Tc (,)Tj /F3 1 Tf -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms9)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7436 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8235 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms10)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8235 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms11)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8235 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms12)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8235 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms13)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8235 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms14)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8235 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms17)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.8553 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (\(A)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 531.7846 374.7293 Tm 0 Tc (L)Tj 10 0 0 10 535.3845 374.7293 Tm (-)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 311.811 362.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(BER)-17.9(TSEN)]TJ 10 0 0 10 352.4105 362.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.6526 Tw (and P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 383.7272 362.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 10 0 0 10 409.0727 362.7293 Tm 0.6524 Tw (, 1981\); )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.8239 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms25)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.2637 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.5718 0 TD (ms26)Tj /F1 1 Tf -20.3856 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc (\(L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 320.2095 350.7293 Tm (OUKIDES)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 356.082 350.7293 Tm 0.0754 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8991 0 TD 0.088 Tw (., 1995\); )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.9548 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms23)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6993 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0074 0 TD (ms32)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6993 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (\(C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 498.4787 350.7293 Tm (HAUBAL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 531.3538 350.7293 Tm (et)Tj -21.9543 -1.2 TD (al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8269 0 TD 0.0772 Tw (., 2000\), and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.93 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms22)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6886 0 TD 0.0773 Tw [(\(now ter)-14.1(med )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 6.0666 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (m)Tj ET 0 0 0 1 K 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 466.932 337.729 m 475.321 337.729 l S BT 10 0 0 10 475.3209 338.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0663 Tw (ale s)Tj ET 491.381 337.729 m 494.95 337.729 l S BT 10 0 0 10 494.9499 338.7293 Tm (terile c)Tj ET 519.476 337.729 m 524.086 337.729 l S BT 10 0 0 10 524.0857 338.7293 Tm 0 Tw (on-)Tj -21.2275 -1.2 TD 0.108 Tw (verted a)Tj ET 341.396 325.729 m 347.046 325.729 l S BT 10 0 0 10 347.0458 326.7293 Tm 0.1079 Tw (nther1, msca1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 6.2608 0 TD -0.0004 Tc 0.1265 Tw (, C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 422.9085 326.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HAUBAL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 456.1641 326.7293 Tm 0.108 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9317 0 TD 0.126 Tw (., 2003\). Cyto-)Tj -16.367 -1.2 TD 0.2247 Tw [(logical characterization of the )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.9343 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms23)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8043 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms25)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8043 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms26)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD 0 Tc (,)Tj /F3 1 Tf -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms32)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD 0.0361 Tw (, and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.5713 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (msca1 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.0744 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0362 Tw [(mutants showed that each mutant)]TJ 8 0 0 8 56.6929 730.6606 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(370)-22331.2(D.S. SKIBBE, P)102.7(.S. SCHNABLE)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 56.69 296.94 481.89 -226.77 re f BT 8 0 0 8 56.6929 255.5379 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.5149 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ABLE 2 )Tj /F2 1 Tf 3.4592 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (- )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5796 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Comparison of stage descriptions among the most common maize nomenclatur)-32.1(e systems.)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 56.6929 246.5379 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 8 0 0 8 56.6929 236.5379 Tm 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 63.3931 236.5378 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ARMKE)Tj 8 0 0 8 85.3872 236.5378 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and L)Tj 6 0 0 6 104.5826 236.5378 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (EE)Tj 8 0 0 8 113.8589 236.5378 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(\(1977\))-7335.7(C)]TJ 6 0 0 6 199.2604 236.5378 Tm (HENG)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 218.2574 236.5379 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD [(. \(1979\))-6571.2(C)]TJ 6 0 0 6 316.7699 236.5378 Tm (HANG)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.2475 236.5378 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and N)Tj 6 0 0 6 357.2026 236.5378 Tm 0 Tw (EUFFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 380.3949 236.5378 Tm 0 Tc [(\(1989\))-4652.2(P)]TJ 6 0 0 6 443.327 236.5378 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ALMER)Tj 8 0 0 8 464.2416 236.5378 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and H)Tj 6 0 0 6 485.5169 236.5378 Tm 0 Tw (ORNER)Tj 8 0 0 8 507.2709 236.5378 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1995\))Tj 6 0 0 6 56.6929 227.5379 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 8 0 0 8 56.6929 217.5379 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(Anther primordia)-13702.7(I)]TJ 0 -1.25 TD 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw [(Precallose)-16618.2(II)-10310.1(Premeiosis)-11343.3(Sporogenous mass)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(Central Callose)-14342.2(III)]TJ 6 0 0 6 56.6929 188.5379 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 8 0 0 8 56.6929 178.5379 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(Meiosis)-17601.2(IV)-26095.1(Meiocyte)]TJ 31.8898 -1.25 TD [(Meiosis)-12766.1(Dyad)]TJ -31.8898 -1.25 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.5449 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(etrad \(quartet\))-14197.1(V)-26254.9(T)35(etrad)]TJ 6 0 0 6 56.6929 149.5379 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 8 0 0 8 56.6929 139.5379 Tm 0 Tc (Y)Tj 0.582 0 TD 0.0001 Tc -0.0002 Tw [(oung microspore)-12856.3(V)0.4(I)-10150(Uninucleate)-10826.1(Early microspore)]TJ -0.582 -1.25 TD 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw [(Inter)-13.9(mediate microspore)]TJ 47.8346 0 TD 0.0001 Tc -0.0003 Tw (Mid microspore)Tj -47.8346 -1.25 TD 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw (Late-1-nucleate microspore)Tj 47.8346 0 TD 0.0002 Tc -0.0003 Tw (Late microspore)Tj 6 0 0 6 56.6929 110.5379 Tm -0.0249 Tc 0 Tw (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 8 0 0 8 56.6929 100.5379 Tm 0 Tc (Y)Tj 0.582 0 TD -0.0002 Tc [(oung-2-nucleate pollen)-10061.4(VII)-9990.4(First pollen mitosis)-7808.6(Early pollen)]TJ -0.582 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Near mature pollen)-12099.7(VIII)-9830.3(Second pollen mitosis)-6488.2(Mid pollen)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw [(Mature pollen)-14619.1(XII)-9990.2(Mature pollen)-9943.9(Late pollen)]TJ 6 0 0 6 56.6929 71.5379 Tm -0.025 Tc 0 Tw (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.325 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 18 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 15 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Length 14507 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 56.6929 483.0521 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0002 Tc 0.1684 Tw [(has abnor)-14.1(malities in the anther wall development.)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (In )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.2016 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms25)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6134 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.9215 0 TD (ms26)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0019 Tw (, the microspores abort shortly af-)Tj -8.028 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0445 Tw [(ter release from the tetrad, but their tapetal cell lay-)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0554 Tw [(ers dif)-10(fer in morphology. The )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 13.3619 0 TD 0 Tw (ms25)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6667 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0553 Tw (tapetal cell lay-)Tj -16.0286 -1.2 TD 0.0081 Tw [(er accumulates lar)16.7(ge lipid bodies as the microspores)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1881 Tw (abort, while the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.7013 0 TD 0 Tw (ms26)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.7994 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.188 Tw (tapetal cells as well as the)Tj -10.5007 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.0919 Tw (aborting microspores become highly vacuolated. In)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.8094 0 TD (ms23)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.7613 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0694 0 TD (ms32)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.7613 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1499 Tw (mutants, the tapetal cell layer)Tj -9.4015 -1.2 TD 0.0108 Tw [(fails to dif)-9.9(ferentiate nor)-14(mally, resulting in a five-wall)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.3179 Tw (anther without a functional tapetum. In both of)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2339 Tw (these mutants the pollen mother cells degenerate)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (after the onset of meiosis I.)Tj 1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0882 Tw [(The most extreme case of anther transfor)-14(mation)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0177 Tw [(is observed in the )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.0885 0 TD 0 Tw (msca1 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.0587 0 TD 0.0177 Tw (mutant, where the cell dif-)Tj -11.1472 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.0799 Tw [(ferentiation events that produce the anther cell lay-)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0812 Tw [(ers fail to occur)44.8(. These pseudo-anthers display sev-)]TJ T* 0.1407 Tw [(eral characteristics not common to anthers, includ-)]TJ T* 0.1226 Tw [(ing stomata on their epider)-14(mal sur)-11.1(faces, parenchy-)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.2575 Tw [(mal cells, and non-functional vascular strands. In)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.3519 Tw [(addition, R)-17.9(T-PCR analyses on )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 14.4214 0 TD 0 Tw (msca1 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.3449 0 TD 0.352 Tw (tassel RNA)Tj -17.7663 -1.2 TD 0.2718 Tw [(failed to detect expression of two anther)9.7(-specific)]TJ T* 0.0166 Tw (genes \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1758 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms45)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6279 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.9361 0 TD (SB200)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.7353 0 TD 0.0167 Tw (\) in the mutant, demonstrat-)Tj -10.4752 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0519 Tw [(ing that the morphological dif)-9.9(ferences observed ex-)]TJ T* 0.188 Tw [(tend to the molecular level. It has been hypothe-)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1643 Tw [(sized that the tissue identity of the )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.3044 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (msca1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.2536 0 TD (anthers)Tj -19.558 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.2145 Tw (represents the vegetative ground-state \(C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 242.094 183.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HAUBAL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 276.2355 183.0521 Tm (et)Tj -21.9543 -1.2 TD (al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8269 0 TD (., 2003\).)Tj /F4 1 Tf -0.8269 -2.4 TD -0.0001 Tw (Cytoplasmic male sterility)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.1585 Tw [(Cytoplasmic male sterility \(cms\) is a mater)-15(nally)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1978 Tw [(inherited inability to produce viable pollen and it)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0303 Tw (has been used as a model system to study the com-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.1329 Tw [(munication between the nucleus and mitochondria)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2279 Tw (of higher plants \(reviewed in S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 201.6737 87.0521 Tm 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 239.9967 87.0521 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2281 Tw (and W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 270.6697 87.0521 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 280.8668 87.0521 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0467 Tw (1998\). All characterized cms genes are mitochondri-)Tj 25.5118 40.8 TD 0 Tc 0.0221 Tw (al in origin and are generated via rearrangements of)Tj 0 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0802 Tw (the mitochondria genome that result in novel mito-)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.0755 Tw (chondrial open reading frames \(mtORFs\) \(reviewed)Tj T* -0.0003 Tc 0.2481 Tw (in S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 330.4831 447.052 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 369.0051 447.052 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.248 Tw (and W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 399.8769 447.0519 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 410.0741 447.0519 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2478 Tw (, 1998; G)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 454.0223 447.0519 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 10 0 0 10 472.4647 447.0519 Tm (-L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 480.4627 447.0519 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 522.5864 447.0519 Tm -0.0002 Tc (and)Tj -21.0775 -1.2 TD 0 Tc (N)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 318.8105 435.052 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EWTON)Tj 10 0 0 10 345.3553 435.052 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0882 Tw (, this issue\). In maize, three major cms sys-)Tj -3.3544 -1.2 TD 0.1118 Tw (tems have been described \(Charrua \(C\), USDA \(S\),)Tj T* 0.0697 Tw [(and T)34.8(exas \(T\)\) and can be distinguished from each)]TJ T* 0.0299 Tw [(other \(and from Nor)-14(mal \(N\)-cytoplasm\) by their mi-)]TJ T* 0.7165 Tw [(tochondrial DNA restriction digestion patter)-15(ns)]TJ T* 0 Tw (\(P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 321.0078 375.052 Tm (RING)Tj 10 0 0 10 342.1956 375.052 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0445 Tw (and L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 366.6323 375.0519 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EVINGS)Tj 10 0 0 10 392.4282 375.0519 Tm 0.0443 Tw (, 1978; B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 431.3041 375.0518 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ORCK)Tj 10 0 0 10 454.7405 375.0518 Tm 0.0445 Tw (and W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 482.7526 375.0518 Tm 0 Tw (ALBOT)Tj 10 0 0 10 506.148 375.0518 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0442 Tw (, 1982\),)Tj -19.4337 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.5861 Tw (the accumulation of mitochondrial polypeptide)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2205 Tw (species assayed by radiolabeling, and the nuclear)Tj T* 0.1407 Tw (encoded gene\(s\) that overcome the deleterious ef-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.275 Tw [(fects of the mtORF associated with male sterility)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (\(W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 324.6089 315.052 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 340.3104 315.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1975 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0213 0 TD 0 Tc 0.2304 Tw [(., 1999; T)26.8(able 3\). Progress on the two)]TJ -4.8712 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1473 Tw (most actively studied systems, T- and S-cytoplasm,)Tj T* 0.0002 Tc -0.0003 Tw (is presented here.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0 -2.4 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.5332 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (-cytoplasm)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8841 -1.2 TD 0.0143 Tw (T-cytoplasm was extensively used in hybrid seed)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.2405 Tw (production prior to 1970 but it was almost com-)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1518 Tw (pletely removed from commercial seed production)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.5145 Tw (as a consequence of an epidemic caused by)Tj /F3 1 Tf T* 0.0377 Tw [(Cochliobolus heter)-29.9(ostr)-29.9(ophus)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12.3808 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0439 Tw (race T that severely de-)Tj -12.3808 -1.2 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0747 Tw (creased yield \(W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 385.7221 195.0521 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 399.867 195.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0642 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8879 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0748 Tw (., 1999\). Extensive research)Tj -10.6935 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2472 Tw (has been conducted to understand the molecular)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0975 Tw [(mechanism underlying male sterility and toxin sen-)]TJ T* 0 Tw (sitivity.)Tj 1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0314 Tw [(In T-cytoplasm, a novel mtORF)89.6(,)0.1( T-)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 15.0422 0 TD 0 Tw [(ur)-47.1(f13)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.4363 0 TD 0.0315 Tw (, is asso-)Tj -18.8958 -1.2 TD 0.0343 Tw (ciated with male sterility \(W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 434.3392 135.0521 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 448.0773 135.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0294 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8531 0 TD 0.0343 Tw (., 1987\))Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.2335 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.628 0 TD -0.0004 Tc (T-)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.8996 0 TD -0.0002 Tc [(ur)-47.1(f13)]TJ /F1 1 Tf -20.2409 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0796 Tw (encodes a 13 kDa protein \(F)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 439.1704 123.0521 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ORDE)Tj 10 0 0 10 463.1109 123.0521 Tm 0.0799 Tw (and L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 487.9016 123.0521 Tm 0 Tw [(EA)113.6(VER)]TJ 10 0 0 10 509.3927 123.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0796 Tw (, 1980;)Tj -19.7582 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 321.0102 111.0521 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 334.9407 111.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0459 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8696 0 TD 0.0535 Tw [(., 1987\) that localizes to the mitochondrial)]TJ -4.1825 -1.2 TD 0.0221 Tw [(inner membrane as an oligomer \(D)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 465.2762 99.0521 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (EWEY)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 488.9423 99.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.019 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8427 0 TD 0.0221 Tw (., 1986;)Tj -19.5559 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (D)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 319.2109 87.0521 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EWEY)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 343.4655 87.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0694 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8931 0 TD 0.0811 Tw (., 1987; K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 404.8061 87.0521 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw [(OR)-18.1(TH)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 429.0442 87.0521 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0694 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8931 0 TD 0.081 Tw (., 1991\). When T-cy-)Tj -13.6164 -1.2 TD 0.0663 Tw [(toplasm mitochondria are treated)-386.4(with methomyl \(a)]TJ 8 0 0 8 268.2052 730.6606 Tm 0 Tw [(MALE STERILITY)-24939.1(371)]TJ ET 0 0 0 0 k 56.69 693.79 481.89 -202.68 re f BT 8 0 0 8 56.6929 688.1409 Tm 0 0 0 1 k 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.5149 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ABLE 3 - )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.0989 0 TD [(Nuclear r)-32.1(estor)-32.1(ers of cytoplasmic male sterility.)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 56.6929 679.1409 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 56.6929 669.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(Restor)-32.1(er gene)-3150.3(cms type)-10666(Mode of)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 0 -1.25 TD 0.0001 Tc -0.0002 Tw (\(previous name\))Tj /F3 1 Tf 8.9137 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4219 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(estor)-32.1(ed)]TJ 5.5845 0.625 TD [(Chr)-29.9(omosome)]TJ 7.5519 -0.625 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.4219 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (estoration)Tj 8.9958 0.625 TD [(Refer)-32.1(ence\(s\))]TJ /F1 1 Tf 6 0 0 6 56.6929 650.1409 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 56.6929 640.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc (Rf1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.34 0 TD 6.3065 Tc (T3)Tj 7.3865 0 TD (S)Tj 4.4969 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sporophytic)-4507(D)]TJ 6 0 0 6 317.7309 640.1408 Tm (UVICK)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 337.9262 640.1409 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (. \(1961\); W)Tj 6 0 0 6 390.9067 640.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 401.623 640.1409 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and S)Tj 6 0 0 6 420.8183 640.1408 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 449.6532 640.1408 Tm (\(1994\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -49.12 -1.5 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf2a \(Rf2\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.34 0 TD 6.3065 Tc (T9)Tj 7.3865 0 TD (L)Tj 4.4969 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sporophytic)-4507(S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 315.6508 628.1408 Tm (NYDER)Tj 8 0 0 8 337.6464 628.1408 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and D)Tj 6 0 0 6 358.9218 628.1407 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (UVICK)Tj 8 0 0 8 379.1171 628.1407 Tm [(\(1969\);)-319.9(C)]TJ 6 0 0 6 410.4706 628.1407 Tm -0.0003 Tc (UI)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 419.1479 628.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (. \(1996\); S)Tj 6 0 0 6 468.6088 628.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (KIBBE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 488.0834 628.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2002\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -55.7475 -1.5 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.3899 0 TD 6.3566 Tc (S2)Tj 7.3366 0 TD (L)Tj 4.0673 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Gametophytic)-4077.4(L)]TJ 6 0 0 6 315.6508 616.1408 Tm (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 347.3671 616.1408 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and G)Tj 6 0 0 6 368.6425 616.1407 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 386.0736 616.1407 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1975\); L)Tj 6 0 0 6 416.308 616.1407 Tm 0 Tw (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 448.0243 616.1407 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and G)Tj 6 0 0 6 469.2997 616.1407 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 486.7309 616.1406 Tm -0.0001 Tc (\(1978\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -53.7547 -1.5 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf4)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.32 0 TD 6.5265 Tc (C8)Tj 11.9034 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sporophytic)-4507(G)]TJ 6 0 0 6 317.7309 604.1408 Tm -0.0002 Tc (RACEN)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 338.8857 604.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1979\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -37.0978 -1.5 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf5)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.32 0 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 11.9034 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sporophytic)-4507(J)]TJ 6 0 0 6 314.3695 592.1408 Tm (OSEPHSON)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 347.4028 592.1409 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1978\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -38.1625 -1.5 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf6)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.32 0 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 11.9034 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sporophytic)-4507(J)]TJ 6 0 0 6 314.3695 580.1408 Tm (OSEPHSON)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 347.4028 580.1409 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(1978\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -38.1625 -1.5 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf8)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.34 0 TD 6.3065 Tc (T2)Tj 7.3865 0 TD (L)Tj 4.4969 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sporophytic)-4507(D)]TJ 6 0 0 6 317.7309 568.1408 Tm (ILL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 327.9682 568.1409 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (. \(1997\); W)Tj 6 0 0 6 380.9486 568.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 391.665 568.1409 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 411.4989 568.1408 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RING)Tj 8 0 0 8 428.0951 568.1408 Tm (\(2002\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -46.4253 -1.5 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf*)Tj /F1 1 Tf 10.34 0 TD 6.3065 Tc (T2)Tj 7.3865 0 TD (L)Tj 4.4969 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Sporophytic)-4507(D)]TJ 6 0 0 6 317.7309 556.1408 Tm (ILL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 327.9682 556.1409 Tm (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD 0.0001 Tw (. \(1997\); W)Tj 6 0 0 6 380.9486 556.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 391.665 556.1409 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and P)Tj 6 0 0 6 411.4989 556.1408 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RING)Tj 8 0 0 8 428.0951 556.1408 Tm (\(2002\))Tj /F3 1 Tf -46.4253 -1.5 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.4368 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (fl1 \(RfIII\))Tj /F1 1 Tf 9.9531 0 TD 0 Tc (S)Tj 11.4039 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(Gametophytic)-4077.4(L)]TJ 6 0 0 6 315.6508 544.1409 Tm (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 347.3671 544.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and G)Tj 6 0 0 6 368.6425 544.1409 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 386.0736 544.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0001 Tw (\(1975\); W)Tj 6 0 0 6 419.8276 544.1409 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (EN)Tj /F3 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 429.9447 544.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8237 0 TD (. \(2003\))Tj 6 0 0 6 56.6929 535.1409 Tm -0.0249 Tc (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj 60.3356 0 TD (行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行行)Tj ET Q endstream endobj 21 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F4 15 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Length 18283 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 56.6929 686.7292 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0002 Tc 0.0807 Tw [(carbamate insecticide\) or T-toxin, a toxin produced)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD 0 Tw (by )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.4193 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0339 Tw [(Cochliobolus heter)-29.9(ostr)-29.9(ophus )]TJ /F1 1 Tf 12.321 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0396 Tw [(race-T)59.6(, mitochondria)]TJ -13.7403 -1.2 TD 0.2064 Tw [(rapidly swell, leak small ions and molecules, and)]TJ T* 0.1179 Tw (oxidative phosphorylation is uncoupled \(P)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 245.5442 650.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RING)Tj 10 0 0 10 267.4684 650.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc (and)Tj -21.0775 -1.2 TD 0 Tc (L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 61.4927 638.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ONSDALE)Tj 10 0 0 10 94.3382 638.7292 Tm 0.0182 Tw (, 1989; L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 131.0933 638.7292 Tm 0 Tw (EVINGS)Tj 10 0 0 10 160.2693 638.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0184 Tw (and S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 184.4452 638.7292 Tm 0 Tw (IEDOW)Tj 10 0 0 10 209.3402 638.7291 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0182 Tw (, 1992\). In devel-)Tj -15.2647 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.031 Tw (oping anthers, the mitochondrial perturbations in T-)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.1724 Tw (cytoplasm result in the premature degeneration of)Tj T* 0.0856 Tw [(the tapetal cell layer)53(, which results in the failure to)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw (produce pollen \(W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 137.8538 590.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ARMKE)Tj 10 0 0 10 165.3465 590.7292 Tm 0.0002 Tw (and L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 189.3406 590.7292 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (EE)Tj 10 0 0 10 197.7378 590.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc (, 1977\).)Tj -12.6872 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.3479 Tw [(Restoration of fertility in T-cytoplasm is con-)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0583 Tw (trolled by the action of dominant alleles of two nu-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0217 Tw [(clear)9.6(-encoded genes, )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.4712 0 TD 0.0468 Tc 0 Tw [(rf)47.1(1)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.625 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.9412 0 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.4368 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (f2 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.1392 0 TD 0.0218 Tw [(\(now ter)-14.1(med )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.9556 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4368 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (f2a)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4116 0 TD 0 Tc (;)Tj -22.4174 -1.2 TD (S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 61.4927 542.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc (KIBBE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 86.1102 542.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0235 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8472 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0273 Tw (., 2002\) \(reviewed by S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 205.6841 542.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 242.002 542.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0276 Tw (and W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 270.6698 542.7292 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 280.8669 542.7292 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0583 Tw (1998, W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 92.2694 530.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 106.2462 530.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0498 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8735 0 TD 0.0581 Tw [(., 1999\). T)36.8(o)0( overcome the detrimen-)]TJ -6.8288 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.0252 Tw [(tal ef)-9.8(fects of the T-URF13 protein and to restore fer-)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2276 Tw (tility at least one restoring allele of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 16.8507 0 TD 0.0468 Tc 0 Tw [(rf)47.1(1)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.831 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.1471 0 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.4368 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (f2a)Tj /F1 1 Tf -21.2655 -1.2 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.1757 Tw (must be present \(reviewed by S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 202.7132 494.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 240.5166 494.7291 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1762 Tw (and W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 270.6699 494.7291 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 280.867 494.729 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.4174 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1127 Tw (1998; W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 92.8142 482.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 107.3357 482.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0965 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9202 0 TD 0.1126 Tw (., 1999\))Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.3118 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (.)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.7064 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1126 Tw (The mechanism of T-cyto-)Tj -11.0027 -1.2 TD 0.1088 Tw (plasm fertility restoration is sporophytic, that is the)Tj T* 0.1119 Tw [(genotype of the sporophytic tissue, rather than the)]TJ T* 0.0449 Tw [(gametophytic tissue, establishes an individual誷 abil-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.1418 Tw (ity to restore fertility. Therefore, an individual het-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2964 Tw (erozygous for )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.832 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf1 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9544 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.2159 0 TD (Rf2a)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6078 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2965 Tw (is male fertile even)Tj -13.6102 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1636 Tw (though only one-quarter of the pollen grains con-)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw (tain both restoring alleles.)Tj 1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.3605 Tw [(Fertility restoration has been shown to occur)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.4037 Tw [(through the modification of cms-associated tran-)]TJ T* 0.2198 Tw (scripts in several species, including maize, oilseed)Tj T* 0.1609 Tw [(rape, sor)16.7(ghum and rice \(reviewed in S)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 230.3145 350.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 267.5684 350.7293 Tm -0.0052 Tc (and)Tj -21.0875 -1.2 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 65.8422 338.7293 Tm -0.0069 Tc (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 75.8894 338.7293 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.0114 Tw (, 1998; G)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 114.6583 338.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw [(ABA)100.7(Y)]TJ 10 0 0 10 132.9008 338.7293 Tm -0.0052 Tc (-L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 140.7989 338.7293 Tm -0.0067 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 180.1579 338.7293 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.0116 Tw (and N)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 206.2154 338.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (EWTON)Tj 10 0 0 10 232.5103 338.7293 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.0114 Tw (, this issue\).)Tj -17.5817 -1.2 TD 0.0641 Tw (Consistent with this observation, individuals from T-)Tj T* 0.03 Tw (cytoplasm maize families segregating for )Tj /F3 1 Tf 17.7629 0 TD -0.0057 Tc 0 Tw (Rf1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4101 0 TD -0.0054 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5997 0 TD -0.0057 Tc (Rf8)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4101 0 TD -0.0053 Tc 0.0302 Tw (, or)Tj /F3 1 Tf -21.1828 -1.2 TD -0.0057 Tc 0 Tw (Rf* )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7693 0 TD -0.005 Tc 0.3743 Tw [(restoring alleles dif)-9.8(ferentially process T-)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 18.4935 0 TD -0.0057 Tc 0 Tw [(ur)-47.1(f13)]TJ /F1 1 Tf -20.2628 -1.2 TD -0.005 Tc 0.2064 Tw (transcripts and restore fertility \(D)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 205.7644 290.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (EWEY)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 231.0245 290.7293 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.1769 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9733 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2066 Tw (., 1986;)Tj -19.4065 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 63.2421 278.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc (ENNELL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 94.5349 278.7293 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.2011 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9975 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2349 Tw (., 1987; W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 162.0951 278.7293 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (ISE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 177.6388 278.7293 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.2011 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9975 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2349 Tw (., 1996; D)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 243.3997 278.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (ILL)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 258.3446 278.7293 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.2011 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9975 0 TD 0 Tw (.,)Tj -22.1626 -1.2 TD -0.005 Tc 0.099 Tw (1997\). Interestingly, the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 10.6271 0 TD -0.0057 Tc 0 Tw (Rf2a)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.3836 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0991 Tw [(restoring allele)-353.6(has no)]TJ -13.0106 -1.2 TD -0.005 Tc 0.1243 Tw [(apparent ef)-9.8(fect on T-)]TJ /F3 1 Tf 9.3983 0 TD -0.0057 Tc 0 Tw [(ur)-47.1(f13)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.8482 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.1244 Tw [(transcript or protein ac-)]TJ -12.2465 -1.2 TD 0 Tw (cumulation \(D)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 118.2234 242.7293 Tm -0.0068 Tc (EWEY)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 141.4178 242.7293 Tm -0.0056 Tc [(et)-315(al)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.8427 0 TD -0.0051 Tc (., 1987\).)Tj -8.8979 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0495 Tw [(The ability to study the molecular mechanism of)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.0764 Tw (fertility restoration has long been hindered because)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.0271 Tw [(of a lack of cloned nuclear restorer genes. Recently,)]TJ T* 0.0001 Tc 0.0717 Tw (restorer genes have been cloned from maize \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 20.445 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4368 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (f2a\))Tj /F1 1 Tf -20.8817 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc (\(C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 66.4903 182.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc (UI)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 77.9122 182.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0493 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.873 0 TD 0.0575 Tw (., 1996\), petunia \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.8501 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf-PPR592)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.5906 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0574 Tw (\) \(B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 238.4188 182.7293 Tm 0 Tw (ENTOLILA)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 276.2354 182.7293 Tm (et)Tj -21.9543 -1.2 TD (al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8269 0 TD 0.2177 Tw (., 2002\), radish \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.7108 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(or)-47.1(f687)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 3.4206 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.1372 0 TD (Rfo)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.3826 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2176 Tw (\) \(B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 230.4453 170.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ROWN)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 258.1671 170.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1865 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0102 0 TD -0.0005 Tc 0 Tw (.,)Tj -22.1576 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0305 Tw (2003; D)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 90.193 158.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ESLOIRE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 121.8883 158.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0261 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8498 0 TD 0.0304 Tw (., 2003; K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 181.7833 158.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (OIZUKA)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 213.0299 158.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0261 Tw (et al.)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.1237 0 TD 0.0304 Tw (, 2003\) and)Tj -17.7574 -1.2 TD 0.161 Tw (rice \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.4003 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf-1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7573 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1609 Tw (\) \(K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 116.8737 146.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (AZAMA)Tj 10 0 0 10 146.5771 146.7293 Tm 0.1612 Tw (and T)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 173.1799 146.7293 Tm 0 Tw [(ORIY)99.7(AMA)]TJ 10 0 0 10 205.5731 146.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.161 Tw (, 2003; K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 246.9843 146.7293 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (OMORI)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 276.2355 146.7293 Tm -0.0001 Tc (et)Tj -21.9543 -1.2 TD (al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8269 0 TD 0 Tc 0.09 Tw [(., 2004\). All but one of the cloned restorer genes)]TJ -0.8269 -1.2 TD 0 Tw (\()Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.3599 0 TD (r)Tj 0.4368 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (f2a)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4116 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0061 Tw (\) fall into a class of recently discovered nuclear)Tj -2.2083 -1.2 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0948 Tw [(restorers, pentatricopeptide repeat genes \(PPRs\). In)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0822 Tw (each case, the PPR gene was predicted to be mito-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0117 Tw [(chondrially tar)16.6(geted and, when tested, shown to de-)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.0648 Tw (crease accumulation of the cms gene product \(B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 270.818 74.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (EN)Tj 10 0 0 10 280.2663 74.7292 Tm 0 Tc (-)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 311.811 686.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc (TOLILA)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 340.8111 686.7292 Tm 0.1034 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9271 0 TD 0.1207 Tw (., 2002; K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 403.2851 686.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (AZAMA)Tj 10 0 0 10 432.5854 686.7292 Tm 0.1209 Tw (and T)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 458.7852 686.7291 Tm 0 Tw [(ORIY)99.6(AMA)]TJ 10 0 0 10 491.1784 686.7291 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1207 Tw (, 2003\) via)Tj -17.9367 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0001 Tw [(an undeter)-14.1(mined mechanism.)]TJ 1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.005 Tc 0.1526 Tw [(The first cloned nuclear restorer gene from any)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.3553 Tw (species was the maize )Tj /F3 1 Tf 11.2089 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4313 0 TD -0.0056 Tc (f2a )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.968 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.3553 Tw (gene \(S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 483.4892 650.7292 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 522.6866 650.7292 Tm -0.0052 Tc (and)Tj -21.0876 -1.2 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 320.9603 638.7292 Tm -0.0069 Tc (ISE)Tj 10 0 0 10 331.0075 638.7292 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj 0.6477 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0782 Tw (1994; C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 369.9101 638.7292 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (UI)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 381.3876 638.7292 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.0668 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8633 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.078 Tw (., 1996\), which encodes a mito-)Tj -8.8209 -1.2 TD 0.2067 Tw (chondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase \(mtALDH\) with)Tj T* 0.0269 Tw (broad substrate specificity \(C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 436.0882 614.7292 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (UI)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 447.0543 614.7292 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.023 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8194 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.027 Tw (., 1996; L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 504.2768 614.7292 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 515.2429 614.7292 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.023 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8194 0 TD 0 Tw (.,)Tj -22.1626 -1.2 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0532 Tw (2001; L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 342.5879 602.7292 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj 10 0 0 10 353.8155 602.7292 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.0533 Tw (and S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 378.0907 602.7292 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 410.5864 602.7292 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.0531 Tw (, 2002\). In addition to its role)Tj -9.8775 -1.2 TD 0.0261 Tw (as a nuclear restorer of fertility in T-cytoplasm, RF2A)Tj T* -0.005 Tc 0.1862 Tw [(is also required for nor)-13.9(mal anther development in)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.2557 Tw (N-cytoplasm \(L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 378.8523 566.7292 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 392.1067 566.7292 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.219 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0154 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2557 Tw (., 2001\). In an )Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.281 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4313 0 TD -0.0057 Tc (f2a)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9658 0 TD -0.0052 Tc (mutant)Tj -19.7231 -1.2 TD -0.005 Tc 0.0596 Tw [(background, anthers in the lower floret arrest in de-)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc -0.0001 Tw (velopment and fail to produce viable pollen.)Tj 1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.097 Tw [(Deter)-14(mination of the molecular mechanism of T-)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0 Tw (cytoplasm)Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.5266 0 TD 0.0358 Tc (rf)Tj 0.7137 0 TD -0.0111 Tc (2a-)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4108 0 TD -0.01 Tc 0.017 Tw [(mediated fertility restoration has been)]TJ -6.651 -1.2 TD 0.2033 Tw (complicated by the diverse set of biochemical and)Tj T* 0.1857 Tw (metabolic processes represented by the broad sub-)Tj T* 0.045 Tw (strate spectrum of RF2A \(L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 425.3773 482.7292 Tm -0.0135 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj 10 0 0 10 436.3739 482.7292 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0.0452 Tw (and S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 460.3182 482.7291 Tm -0.0134 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 492.4641 482.7291 Tm -0.0101 Tc 0.045 Tw [(, 2002\). T)36.8(o)]TJ -18.0653 -1.2 TD 0.3587 Tw [(systematically narrow the pool of candidate sub-)]TJ T* 0.6847 Tw (strates associated with RF2A mediated fertility)Tj T* 0.1486 Tw [(restoration, a combination of wet-lab and computa-)]TJ T* 0.2956 Tw [(tional approaches were used to identify and bio-)]TJ T* 0.0679 Tw (chemically characterize three additional maize ALDH)Tj T* 0.0236 Tw (genes \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1129 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4258 0 TD -0.0112 Tc (f2b)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.3378 0 TD -0.0104 Tc (, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.5833 0 TD 0.0358 Tc [(rf)47(2)46.9(c)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.7006 0 TD -0.0102 Tc 0.0237 Tw (, and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.4864 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4258 0 TD -0.0112 Tc (f2d)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.3797 0 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.0236 Tw (\), each of which has over-)Tj -11.4523 -1.2 TD 0.0029 Tw (lapping but non-identical substrate specificities \(L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 520.8863 398.7293 Tm -0.0135 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 531.4632 398.7293 Tm -0.0111 Tc (et)Tj -21.9652 -1.2 TD (al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.805 0 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.0827 Tw (., 2001; L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 359.5056 386.7293 Tm -0.0135 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj 10 0 0 10 370.8797 386.7293 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0.0829 Tw (and S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 395.2015 386.7293 Tm -0.0134 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 427.3473 386.7293 Tm -0.0101 Tc 0.0827 Tw (, 2002; S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 464.4942 386.7293 Tm -0.0135 Tc 0 Tw (KIBBE)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 489.0652 386.7293 Tm -0.011 Tc 0.0708 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8398 0 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.0827 Tw (., 2002;)Tj -19.5652 -1.2 TD -0.0102 Tc 0.0004 Tw (D.S. S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 336.6065 374.7293 Tm -0.0135 Tc 0 Tw (KIBBE)Tj 10 0 0 10 357.2518 374.7293 Tm -0.0101 Tc 0.0002 Tw [(, F)81.7(.)0.3( L)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 377.4277 374.7293 Tm -0.0135 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj 10 0 0 10 384.8761 374.7293 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0.0003 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 412.44 374.7293 Tm -0.0134 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 444.5858 374.7293 Tm -0.0101 Tc 0.0001 Tw (, unpublished results\).)Tj -13.2775 -1.2 TD 0.0348 Tw (When each of the maize ALDH genes was expressed)Tj /F3 1 Tf T* -0.011 Tc 0.3245 Tw (in vivo)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.1564 0 TD -0.0102 Tc 0.379 Tw [(, only heterologous complementation con-)]TJ -3.1564 -1.2 TD -0.01 Tc 0.1239 Tw [(structs expressing the RF2A or RF2C coding regions)]TJ T* 0 Tw (complemented )Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.1104 0 TD 0.0358 Tc (rf)Tj 0.7137 0 TD -0.0111 Tc (2a-)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4108 0 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.522 Tw (mediated male sterility \(D.S.)Tj -9.2348 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 316.5109 314.7293 Tm -0.0135 Tc (KIBBE)Tj 10 0 0 10 341.1777 314.7293 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0.0924 Tw [(and P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 383.7827 314.7293 Tm -0.0134 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 415.9285 314.7293 Tm -0.0101 Tc 0.0922 Tw (, unpublished results\). Com-)Tj -10.4118 -1.2 TD 0.1829 Tw (parison of the substrate spectra of RF2A and RF2C)Tj T* -0.0102 Tc 0.0024 Tw (led to the identification of four physiologically signifi-)Tj T* -0.01 Tc 0.2858 Tw (cant candidate aldehydes. They are butyraldehyde)Tj T* 0.1787 Tw (\(currently with no known physiological function in)Tj T* 0.0704 Tw [(plants\), 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal \(a product of lipid per-)]TJ T* -0.0102 Tc 0.0061 Tw (oxidation\), and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.7494 0 TD -0.0112 Tc 0 Tw (o-)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8128 0 TD -0.0101 Tc 0.006 Tw (nitrocinnamaldehyde and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 11.0698 0 TD -0.0111 Tc 0 Tw (trans-)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.4758 0 TD -0.0101 Tc (cin-)Tj -21.1078 -1.2 TD 0.3056 Tw (namaldehyde \(two derivatives of phenylpropanoid)Tj T* 0.0867 Tw [(biosynthesis inter)-14(mediates\). Given this smaller set of)]TJ T* -0.0102 Tc 0.3391 Tw [(potential physiologically significant substrates it is)]TJ T* -0.0101 Tc 0.1029 Tw (now be possible to develop hypotheses that can be)Tj T* 0.1178 Tw [(tested using genetic and genomic techniques to, for)]TJ T* -0.0099 Tc 0.0136 Tw (example, compare restored and non-restored individ-)Tj T* -0.0102 Tc 0 Tw (uals.)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0 -2.4 TD -0.0001 Tc (S-cytoplasm)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.061 Tw (In S-cytoplasm maize, male sterility is associated)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1228 Tw (with the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.104 0 TD 0 Tw [(or)-47.1(f355-or)-47.1(f77)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.9917 0 TD 0.1228 Tw (chimeric mitochondrial gene)Tj -10.0957 -1.2 TD 0.0002 Tc 0.1713 Tw (region \(Z)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 353.7433 98.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ABALA)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 381.4556 98.7293 Tm 0.1471 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9708 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1718 Tw [(., 1997\). Restoration of fertility)]TJ -8.9353 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.1395 Tw (occurs in the presence of the nuclear encoded re-)Tj T* 0.0001 Tc 0.2684 Tw (storer gene \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 6.0385 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (Rf3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4265 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2686 Tw (\), and fertility co-segregates with)Tj 8 0 0 8 56.6929 730.6606 Tm 0 Tw [(372)-22331.2(D.S. SKIBBE, P)102.7(.S. SCHNABLE)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 24 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F3 6 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 26 0 obj << /Length 13073 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 56.6929 686.7292 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0.0528 Tw [(the decreased accumulation and inter)-14.9(nal processing)]TJ 0 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1078 Tw [(of the 2.8- and 1.6-kb )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.1962 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(or)-47.1(f355-or)-47.1(f77 )]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.9154 0 TD 0.1079 Tw (transcripts \(Z)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 275.467 674.7292 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 10 0 0 10 280.2662 674.7292 Tm (-)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 56.6929 662.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc (BALA)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 78.4045 662.7292 Tm [(et)-371.5(al)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.9212 0 TD 0.0516 Tw (., 1997; W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 142.0373 662.7292 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (EN)Tj 10 0 0 10 155.1997 662.7291 Tm 0.0518 Tw (and C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 181.1087 662.7291 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HASE)Tj 10 0 0 10 199.2563 662.7291 Tm 0.0516 Tw (, 1999a,b\). Analysis)Tj -14.2563 -1.2 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.4612 0 TD -0.0002 Tc [(or)-47.1(f77 )]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.8504 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2816 Tw [(transcripts revealed that portions of the)]TJ -4.3116 -1.2 TD 0.1234 Tw [(gene derived from the mitochondrial A)57.7(TP synthase)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0285 Tw (subunit 9 \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.7352 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (atp9\) )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.5837 0 TD 0.0284 Tw [(gene are not ef)-9.9(ficiently edited in S-)]TJ -7.3189 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0.0016 Tw (cytoplasm microspores \(G)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 169.7355 614.7292 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ALLAGHER)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 209.3964 614.7292 Tm 0.0015 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8252 0 TD 0.0001 Tc (., 2002\). This)Tj -17.0956 -1.2 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2531 Tw [(inef)-9.9(ficient editing results in the introduction of a)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.2565 Tw (premature stop codon that produces a 17 amino)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0952 Tw [(acid peptide with similarity to the carboxy-ter)-14.1(minal)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw [(transmembrane domain of A)57.7(TP9.)]TJ 1.4173 -1.2021 TD 0.3053 Tw [(Fertility restoration associated with )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.5186 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf3 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.962 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (occurs)Tj -19.8979 -1.2 TD 0.4206 Tw [(via a gametophytic mechanism, i.e., the pollen)]TJ T* 0.213 Tw [(grains carrying the )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 8.9564 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (Rf3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9594 0 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.2128 Tw [(restoring allele are viable,)]TJ -10.9158 -1.2 TD 0.2122 Tw (whereas the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.9665 0 TD 0.0468 Tc 0 Tw [(rf)47.1(3)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.8157 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2124 Tw (non-restoring allele pollen grains)Tj -7.7822 -1.2 TD 0.2768 Tw [(exhibit the characteristic collapsed pollen pheno-)]TJ T* 0.0193 Tw (type \(B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 88.6788 494.7078 Tm 0 Tw [(UCHER)-17.9(T)]TJ 10 0 0 10 117.1572 494.7078 Tm 0.0193 Tw [(, 1961\). In addition to the S-cytoplasm)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -6.0464 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.2967 0 TD 0 Tc 0.1681 Tw (alleles that are present in various inbred maize)Tj -1.2967 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1679 Tw (lines \(D)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 92.3615 470.7078 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (UVICK)Tj 10 0 0 10 114.4074 470.7078 Tm 0.1679 Tw (, 1965; B)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 155.7568 470.7078 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ECKETT)Tj 10 0 0 10 182.45 470.7078 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1679 Tw (, 1971\), Mexican races)Tj -12.5757 -1.2 TD 0 Tw (\(G)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 67.6914 458.7077 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 10 0 0 10 86.1338 458.7077 Tm (-L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 94.1319 458.7077 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 130.579 458.7077 Tm 0.3784 Tw (, 2000, 2004\) and teosinte lines)Tj -7.3886 -1.2 TD 0 Tw (\(G)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 67.6914 446.7077 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 10 0 0 10 86.1338 446.7077 Tm (-L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 94.1319 446.7077 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 130.579 446.7077 Tm 0 Tc 0.1218 Tw (, 2000, 2004\), many restoring alle-)Tj -7.3886 -1.2 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0805 Tw [(les have been identified that do not map to the lo-)]TJ T* 0.0056 Tw (cation of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.1095 0 TD 0 Tw (Rf3 )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7052 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0054 Tw (on chromosome 2L \(reviewed in C)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 265.3168 422.7076 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HASE)Tj 10 0 0 10 56.6929 410.7078 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0002 Tw (and G)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 83.2872 410.7077 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 10 0 0 10 101.7295 410.7076 Tm (-L)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 109.7276 410.7076 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 10 0 0 10 146.1747 410.7076 Tm (, 2003\).)Tj -7.5309 -1.2021 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.0885 Tw (It is conceivable that gametophytic restoration of)Tj -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.1462 Tw (fertility alleles act either dominantly by blocking or)Tj T* 0.1756 Tw (compensating for mtORF expression, or recessively)Tj T* 0.372 Tw (by removing a nuclear gene product critical for)Tj T* -0.0075 Tc 0.2915 Tw [(mtORF expression. T)36.8(o)0.2( deter)-13.9(mine dominance rela-)]TJ T* -0.0076 Tc 0.0569 Tw (tionships between the restoring and non-restoring S-)Tj T* 0.1146 Tw [(cytoplasm alleles, the frequencies of starch-filling in)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.4925 0 TD (n)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.0051 0 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.0859 Tw (pollen grains produced by tetraploid \(4)Tj /F3 1 Tf 17.1526 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (n)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.6068 0 TD -0.0077 Tc 0.0861 Tw (\) CMS-S)Tj -19.257 -1.2 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.1034 Tw (individuals were compared. From these data, it was)Tj T* -0.0076 Tc 0.278 Tw [(deduced that a naturally occurring )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.283 0 TD -0.0085 Tc 0 Tw (Rf3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9923 0 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.2781 Tw (allele acts)Tj -18.2753 -1.2 TD 0.2291 Tw (dominantly \(K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 119.7889 278.6864 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0 Tw (AMPS)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 143.4995 278.6864 Tm -0.0083 Tc 0.1962 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9789 0 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.2291 Tw [(., 1996\), while the sponta-)]TJ -10.6595 -1.2 TD 0.207 Tw (neous mutation allele )Tj /F3 1 Tf 10.0527 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4286 0 TD -0.0084 Tc (fl )Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.9873 0 TD 0 Tc (\()Tj /F3 1 Tf 0.3524 0 TD (r)Tj 0.4137 0 TD -0.0083 Tc 0.1773 Tw [(estor)-32.1(er of fertility lethal,)]TJ -12.2346 -1.2 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4285 0 TD -0.0083 Tc (fl)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.0361 0 TD -0.0073 Tc (previously )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.1309 0 TD -0.0084 Tc (RfIII)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7641 0 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.4317 Tw (\) acts recessively \(W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 240.0786 254.6864 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0 Tw (EN)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 256.8188 254.6864 Tm -0.0083 Tc 0.3699 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.1525 0 TD -0.008 Tc 0 Tw (.,)Tj -22.1651 -1.2 TD -0.0077 Tc 0.1376 Tw (2003\). Consistent with the loss-of-function hypothe-)Tj T* 0.0852 Tw [(sis for the lethal restorers, molecular examination of)]TJ /F3 1 Tf T* 0.0385 Tc 0 Tw [(rf)46.9(l)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.5003 0 TD -0.0075 Tc 0.2149 Tw (individuals revealed that that the expression of)Tj -1.5003 -1.2 TD -0.0077 Tc 0.3359 Tw (the mitochondrial transcripts )Tj /F3 1 Tf 13.4178 0 TD -0.0084 Tc 0 Tw [(or)-47.1(f355-or)-47.1(f77)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 5.4505 0 TD -0.0077 Tc 0.3358 Tw (, the )Tj /F5 1 Tf 2.8657 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw ()Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.6234 0 TD (-)Tj -22.3573 -1.2 TD -0.0076 Tc 0.0036 Tw [(subunit of A)57.7(TP synthase \(A)57.7(TP)86.8(A\) and the protein level)]TJ T* -0.0075 Tc 0.0508 Tw [(of A)57.8(T)0.4(P)86.9(A)0.2( are all decreased in haploid )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 16.1554 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4286 0 TD -0.0084 Tc (fl )Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8537 0 TD -0.0077 Tc 0.051 Tw (pollen \(W)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 274.0912 182.6864 Tm -0.0102 Tc 0 Tw (EN)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 56.6929 170.6864 Tm -0.0083 Tc (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7826 0 TD -0.0076 Tc (., 2003\).)Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.5071 -2.6064 TD -0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw (FUTURE DIRECTIONS)Tj /F1 1 Tf -4.8724 -2.2043 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.1989 Tw [(The study of male sterility holds great promise)]TJ -1.4173 -1.2 TD 0.1602 Tw [(for agriculture, biotechnology, as well as basic sci-)]TJ T* 0.1134 Tw [(ence. The post-genomic era of)-10(fers a unique oppor-)]TJ T* 0.0832 Tw (tunity to study male sterility using a combination of)Tj T* 0.3236 Tw [(classical genetic, genomic, metabolomic and pro-)]TJ 25.5118 61.215 TD 0.0203 Tw (teomic approaches. By combining these approaches,)Tj 0 -1.2045 TD -0.005 Tc 0.2149 Tw (the speed of scientific discovery can be increased)Tj T* -0.0052 Tc 0.206 Tw [(by testing multiple hypotheses simultaneously. For)]TJ T* 0.485 Tw (example, stocks containing modifiers of fertility)Tj T* 0.26 Tw (\(e.g., suppressors or enhancers\) can be subjected)Tj T* -0.005 Tc 0.1335 Tw [(to expression tests examining relative accumulation)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.482 Tw [(of RNA and/or protein between wild-type and)]TJ T* 0.4416 Tw [(mutant individuals. W)12.6(ith the lar)16.6(ge collection of)]TJ T* 0.1606 Tw [(EST)29.7(s, assembled gene-enriched genomic sequences)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 1.0924 Tw (\(e.g., MAGIs, http://magi.plantgenomics.iastate.)Tj T* -0.004 Tc 0.008 Tw (edu/\), and indeed, the )Tj 10.0033 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0091 Tw (sequences of complete BACs,)Tj -10.0033 -1.2045 TD 0.0193 Tw (and in the next few years, the complete sequence of)Tj T* -0.005 Tc 0.0322 Tw (the maize genome, there is great potential to rapidly)Tj T* -0.0051 Tc 0.0168 Tw [(identify genes of interest. T)34.8(echnological advances al-)]TJ T* -0.005 Tc 0.0297 Tw [(so hold great promise in gaining insight with greater)]TJ T* -0.0051 Tc 0.0122 Tw (resolution. For example, laser microdissection allows)Tj T* 0.1095 Tw (desired cell types to be collected \(and enriched\) to)Tj T* 0.164 Tw (the exclusion of the neighboring cells \(K)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 495.9347 481.9591 Tm -0.0069 Tc 0 Tw (ERK)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 514.0693 481.9591 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.1404 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9368 0 TD 0 Tw (.,)Tj -22.1626 -1.2045 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2635 Tw (2003; N)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 346.8913 469.9138 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (AKAZONO)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 388.3174 469.9138 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.2256 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.022 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.2633 Tw (., 2003\). The RNA from this)Tj -9.6726 -1.2045 TD 0.2475 Tw (highly enriched sample can then be analyzed via)Tj T* 0.0127 Tc 0 Tw (RT)Tj 1.1675 0 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.4058 Tw (-PCR and DNA microarrays \(N)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 469.1475 445.8231 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (AKAZONO)Tj /F3 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 511.9976 445.8232 Tm -0.0055 Tc 0.3476 Tw (et al)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.144 0 TD 0 Tw (.,)Tj -22.1626 -1.2045 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0732 Tw (2003\). Experiments examining the feasibility of con-)Tj T* 0.0641 Tw (ducting laser microdissection on tapetal cell layer of)Tj T* 0.1041 Tw (anthers demonstrated that as few as 2,000 cells can)Tj T* 0.2415 Tw [(provide enough RNA for amplification to per)-11.3(for)-14.1(m)]TJ T* 0.1791 Tw (microarray analyses \(D.S. S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 432.8147 385.5966 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (KIBBE)Tj 10 0 0 10 458.6492 385.5966 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.1792 Tw [(and P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 503.4893 385.5965 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 10 0 0 10 535.9849 385.5965 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -22.4174 -1.2045 TD -0.0051 Tc 0.0712 Tw (unpublished results\). In addition, anthers are an ex-)Tj T* 0.1492 Tw [(cellent source of protein \(~10 礸 per anther\) \(D.S.)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0 Tw (S)Tj 7.5 0 0 7.5 316.5608 349.4608 Tm -0.0068 Tc (KIBBE)Tj 10 0 0 10 344.2578 349.4608 Tm -0.0052 Tc 0.3655 Tw [(and V)53.7(.)0.2( W)]TJ 7.5 0 0 7.5 390.39 349.4608 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (ALBOT)Tj 10 0 0 10 413.5356 349.4608 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.3653 Tw (, unpublished results\), and)Tj -10.1725 -1.2045 TD 0.34 Tw (hold great potential for proteomics-based experi-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ments examining gene expression at specific stages.)Tj 1.4173 -1.3463 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.2246 Tw (Subsequent to the initial identification of male)Tj -1.4173 -1.2045 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.5939 Tw (sterile mutants over 80 years ago, significant)Tj T* 0 Tc 0.0856 Tw [(progress has been made in defining the cytological)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.009 Tw (changes that occur as a result of genic male sterility.)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.165 Tw [(Similarly, much infor)-14.1(mation has been gained from)]TJ T* 0.0465 Tw [(studies to understand the molecular basis of fertility)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.2428 Tw (restoration in cms over the past several decades.)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.1768 Tw [(For example, recent cloning of PPR-based nuclear)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.1052 Tw (restorer genes from rice and petunia has facilitated)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2007 Tw (the development of mechanism-based hypotheses.)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0345 Tw (The finding that the maize )Tj /F3 1 Tf 11.8882 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4368 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (f2a)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7659 0 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0342 Tw (restorer of cms-T in)Tj -14.0908 -1.2045 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2539 Tw (contrast encodes an ALDH suggests that multiple)Tj T* -0.0001 Tw (mechanism\(s\) will be involved fertility restoration.)Tj 8 0 0 8 311.811 144.4387 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.1053 Tw [(ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS)-420.3(- W)87.9(e)0( thank Dr)44.8(. Marc Albertsen \(Pioneer)]TJ 0 -1.2557 TD 0.0614 Tw (Hi-Bred, a DuPont Company, Johnston, IA\) for providing unpub-)Tj T* 0.0179 Tw [(lished results and Dr)44.8(. An-Ping Hsia \(Schnable Laboratory\) for pro-)]TJ T* 0.1297 Tw [(viding useful comments and critically reviewing this manuscript.)]TJ T* 0.1152 Tw (CMS research in the Schnable Laboratory is supported by grants)Tj T* 0.2118 Tw (from the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative)Tj T* 0.1068 Tw [(State Research, Education and Extension Service to P)102.5(.)-0.1(S.S. \(award)]TJ T* 0 Tw (number: 04-00913\) and Hatch Act and State of Iowa funds.)Tj -5.4507 82.0674 TD -0.0001 Tc [(MALE STERILITY)-24939.1(373)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 27 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R /F5 28 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 30 0 obj << /Length 23728 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F2 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 139.1852 686.7292 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (REFERENCES)Tj /F1 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 56.6929 663.3319 Tm 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 663.3319 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 92.0467 663.3319 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0118 Tw (M.C., 1996)Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.5306 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Ms)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.1548 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0118 Tw (-gene designations. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -9.333 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (70:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (30-31.)Tj -8.3495 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 638.3813 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 94.3939 638.3812 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3052 Tw [(M.C., 1997)-1000.1(Male sterile mutants. p. 313. )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 19.7659 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (In)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.9238 0 TD 0.3052 Tw (: M.G.)Tj -23.6307 -1.25 TD 0.2868 Tw [(Neuf)-10(fer)52.8(, E.H. Coe, S.R. W)87.7(essler \(Eds.\), Mutants of Maize.)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc -0.0001 Tw (Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press, Plainview.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 603.4305 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 93.5127 603.4305 Tm 0.1951 Tw (M.C., R.L. P)Tj 6 0 0 6 136.456 603.4305 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HILLIPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 156.7324 603.4305 Tm 0.195 Tw [(, 1981)-1000.1(Developmental cytology of)]TJ -10.7333 -1.25 TD 0.0021 Tw (13 genetic male sterile loci in maize. Can. J. Genet. Cytol. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 25.1754 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (23:)Tj /F1 1 Tf -25.1754 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (195-208.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 568.48 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 94.493 568.4799 Tm 0.3176 Tw (M.C., L.M. S)Tj 6 0 0 6 140.5179 568.4799 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ELLNER)Tj 8 0 0 8 160.6742 568.4799 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.3176 Tw [(, 1988)-1000.2(An independent, EMS-in-)]TJ -11.226 -1.25 TD 0.3315 Tw (duced dominant male sterile that maps similar to )Tj /F3 1 Tf 24.0646 0 TD 0 Tw (Ms41)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2505 0 TD 0 Tc (.)Tj -26.315 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 13.7361 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (62: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (70.)Tj -17.1869 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 533.5292 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 93.7189 533.5292 Tm 0.2208 Tw (M.C., M.G. N)Tj 6 0 0 6 142.0354 533.5292 Tm 0 Tw (EUFFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 162.6692 533.5292 Tm 0.2209 Tw [(, 1990)-1000.2(Dominant male sterile in)]TJ -11.4754 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (maize. Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 16.8352 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (64:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (52.)Tj -20.3261 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 508.5786 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 92.0148 508.5786 Tm 0.0078 Tw (M.C., M.R. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 134.6809 508.5786 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 158.1961 508.5785 Tm 0.3274 Tc [(,T)379.3(.)327.7(W)]TJ 2.2412 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0.0078 Tw (. F)Tj 6 0 0 6 184.9833 508.5784 Tm 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 193.5014 508.5784 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj 0.5874 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0078 Tw [(1993a)-1000.2(T)26.8(agging, cloning)]TJ -15.9168 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0583 Tw [(and characterizing a male fertility gene in maize. Am. J. Bot.)]TJ /F2 1 Tf T* -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (80:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7193 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (16.)Tj -3.4909 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 473.6279 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 93.8594 473.6279 Tm 0.2383 Tw [(M.C., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 139.8496 473.6279 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 148.3676 473.6279 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2384 Tw (, M.R. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 179.2094 473.6279 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 202.7245 473.6279 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2384 Tw (, M.G. N)Tj 6 0 0 6 235.8084 473.6279 Tm 0 Tw (EUFFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 256.4422 473.6279 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2384 Tw (, 1993b)Tj -23.197 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0333 Tw (Interval mapping a new dominant male-sterile mutant, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 24.0646 0 TD 0 Tw (Ms42)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2505 0 TD 0 Tc (.)Tj -26.3151 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 13.7361 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (67:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (64.)Tj -17.227 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 438.6774 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 93.0194 438.6774 Tm 0.1333 Tw [(M.C., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 137.3297 438.6774 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 145.8477 438.6774 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1334 Tw (, M.R. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 175.0095 438.6774 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 198.5247 438.6774 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj 0.713 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1333 Tw [(1999)-1000.1(Changing a du-)]TJ -16.6703 -1.25 TD 0.1319 Tw [(plicated designation for two dif)-9.9(ferent male-sterile mutations)]TJ T* 0 Tw (Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 13.7361 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (73: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (48.)Tj -17.1869 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 403.7267 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EADLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 82.7808 403.7267 Tm 0.0666 Tw [(G.W)53.9(., 1932)-1000.1(Genes in maize for pollen sterility. Genetics)]TJ /F2 1 Tf -1.4893 -1.25 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (17: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (413-431.)Tj -3.4508 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 378.7761 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ECKETT)Tj 8 0 0 8 87.6784 378.7761 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2441 Tw [(J.B., 1971)-1000.1(Classification of male-sterile cytoplasms in)]TJ -2.1015 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (maize \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1992 0 TD (Zea mays L)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.8352 0 TD -0.0001 Tw (.\). Crop Sci. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 5.3987 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (11:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (724-727.)Tj -16.924 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 353.8254 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ENTOLILA)Tj 8 0 0 8 91.9125 353.8254 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0384 Tw (S., A.A. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 125.1543 353.8254 Tm 0 Tw (LFONSO)Tj 8 0 0 8 147.5899 353.8254 Tm 0.0384 Tw (, M.R. H)Tj 6 0 0 6 176.5134 353.8254 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ANSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 196.3107 353.8254 Tm 0.0384 Tw [(, 2002)-1000.1(A pentatricopep-)]TJ -15.6806 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0.2123 Tw [(tide repeat-containing gene restores fertility to cytoplasmic)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.2776 Tw (male-sterile plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA )Tj /F2 1 Tf 21.758 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (99:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9969 0 TD 0 Tc (10887-)Tj -23.755 -1.25 TD (10892.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8688 TD (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 308.8746 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ORCK)Tj 8 0 0 8 81.1753 308.8746 Tm 0.121 Tw [(K.S., V)53.8(.)0( W)]TJ 6 0 0 6 117.0482 308.8746 Tm 0 Tw (ALBOT)Tj 8 0 0 8 135.7645 308.8746 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.121 Tw [(, 1982)-1000.1(Comparison of the restriction en-)]TJ -8.1123 -1.25 TD 0.2611 Tw [(donuclease digestion patter)-15(ns of mitochondrial DNA from)]TJ T* 0.0733 Tw [(nor)-14(mal and male sterile cytoplasms of )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 17.1884 0 TD 0.0628 Tw (Zea mays)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.5543 0 TD 0.0733 Tw (L. Genetics)Tj /F2 1 Tf -21.7427 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (102: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.239 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (109-128.)Tj -4.0107 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 263.9241 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ROWN)Tj 8 0 0 8 83.3564 263.9241 Tm 0.1386 Tw (G.G., N. F)Tj 6 0 0 6 120.6015 263.9241 Tm 0 Tw [(ORMANOV)110.6(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 153.2895 263.9241 Tm 0.1386 Tw (, H. J)Tj 6 0 0 6 173.2591 263.9241 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (IN)Tj 8 0 0 8 179.3777 263.9241 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1386 Tw (, R. W)Tj 6 0 0 6 202.2077 263.9241 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ARGACHUK)Tj 8 0 0 8 234.1237 263.9241 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1386 Tw (, C. D)Tj 6 0 0 6 256.4938 263.9241 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ENDY)Tj 8 0 0 8 271.9845 263.9241 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.1386 Tw [(, P)102.5(.)]TJ -25.1398 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (P)Tj 6 0 0 6 74.8232 253.924 Tm (A)Tj 0.582 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (TIL)Tj 8 0 0 8 86.5932 253.924 Tm 0.0843 Tw (, M. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 107.4533 253.924 Tm 0 Tw (AFOREST)Tj 8 0 0 8 131.9279 253.924 Tm 0.0842 Tw (, J. Z)Tj 6 0 0 6 149.9072 253.924 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HANG)Tj 8 0 0 8 166.8261 253.924 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0842 Tw [(, W)53.8(.)]TJ 1.7895 0 TD -0.054 Tc 0.138 Tw [(Y.)-53.7( C)]TJ 6 0 0 6 196.2604 253.924 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HEUNG)Tj 8 0 0 8 216.8986 253.924 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0843 Tw (, B.S. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 242.3974 253.924 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(ANDR)26.7(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 262.1537 253.924 Tm 0.0843 Tw (, 2003)Tj -23.9109 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.2992 Tw (The radish )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.4768 0 TD 0 Tw (Rfo)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.0016 0 TD 0 Tc 0.299 Tw (restorer gene of Ogura cytoplasmic male)Tj -7.4783 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0057 Tw (sterility encodes a protein with multiple pentatricopeptide re-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (peats. Plant J. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 6.1775 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (35:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (262-272.)Tj -9.6684 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 208.9734 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(UCHER)-18(T)]TJ 8 0 0 8 87.5033 208.9734 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0438 Tw [(J.G., 1961)-1000.2(The stage of genome-plasmon interaction in)]TJ -2.0797 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3235 Tw (the restoration of fertility to cytoplasmically pollen-sterile)Tj T* 0 Tw (maize. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 3.0991 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (47:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD 0 Tc (1426-1440.)Tj -6.59 -1.8688 TD (B)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.8121 174.0228 Tm -0.0001 Tc (URNHAM)Tj 8 0 0 8 90.0639 174.0228 Tm 0.0001 Tc 0.0918 Tw [(C.R., 1975)-999.9(Progress report on three possible methods)]TJ -2.3997 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0076 Tw (of producing an all male-sterile progeny. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj T* 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (49:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (119-121.)Tj -8.3495 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.6519 139.0721 Tm -0.0003 Tc (AI)Tj 8 0 0 8 70.6644 139.0721 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0869 Tw (J., J. Y)Tj 6 0 0 6 93.2045 139.0721 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ANG)Tj 8 0 0 8 105.6835 139.0721 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0869 Tw [(, D.P)102.6(. J)]TJ 6 0 0 6 130.561 139.0721 Tm 0 Tw (ONES)Tj 8 0 0 8 145.6782 139.0721 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0869 Tw [(, 1998)-1000.1(Mitochondrial control of apop-)]TJ -9.3515 -1.25 TD 0.3501 Tw [(tosis: the role of cytochrome c. Biochim. Biophys. Acta)]TJ /F2 1 Tf T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (1366:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.8389 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (139-149.)Tj -4.6105 -1.8688 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.6519 104.1214 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HASE)Tj 8 0 0 8 79.8638 104.1214 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1419 Tw (C.D., S. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 116.2025 104.1214 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 130.9564 104.1214 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 137.3548 104.1214 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 166.5126 104.1214 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1419 Tw [(, 2003)-1000.2(Exploring mitochondrial-)]TJ -11.9558 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1861 Tw (nuclear genome interactions with S male-sterile maize. pp.)Tj T* 0 Tw (31-41. )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.9593 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (In)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.9238 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0598 Tw (: S.G. Pandali \(Ed.\), Recent Research Developments)Tj -3.8831 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (in Genetic)Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.4387 0 TD 0 Tc (s)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.3569 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(. V)89.8(ol. 3. Research Signpost Genetics, Kerala, India.)]TJ 25.3224 76.7524 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.77 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HAUBAL)Tj 8 0 0 8 343.0619 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.087 Tw (R., C. Z)Tj 6 0 0 6 370.2013 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ANELLA)Tj 8 0 0 8 391.1983 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0869 Tw (, M.R. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 419.617 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 443.1322 688.1409 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.087 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)0(W)53.7(.)0( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 471.1856 688.1409 Tm 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 479.7037 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.087 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 508.9232 688.1409 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 536.5048 688.1409 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -26.3151 -1.25 TD -0.103 Tc 0.3518 Tw [(P.)-102.8( B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 341.3885 678.1408 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EDINGER)Tj 8 0 0 8 366.5838 678.1407 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2491 Tw [(, 2000)-1000.2(T)-7.8(wo male-sterile mutants of )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 17.1882 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2133 Tw (Zea mays)Tj /F1 1 Tf -22.2631 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0604 Tw [(\(Poaceae\) with an extra cell division in the anther wall. Am.)]TJ T* 0 Tw (J. Bot. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 2.9585 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (87: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD 0 Tc (1193-1201.)Tj -6.4093 -1.8283 TD (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.77 643.5146 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HAUBAL)Tj 8 0 0 8 342.9599 643.5146 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0742 Tw (R., J.R. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 374.5321 643.5146 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (NDERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 401.7679 643.5146 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0742 Tw (, M.R. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 429.9827 643.5146 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 453.4978 643.5146 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.0742 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)0(W)53.7(.)0( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 481.3473 643.5146 Tm 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 489.8654 643.5146 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0742 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 518.8809 643.5146 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(T)]TJ 8 0 0 8 536.024 643.5146 Tm 0 Tc (-)Tj 6 0 0 6 325.9842 633.5146 Tm -0.0001 Tc (SEN)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.4227 633.5146 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.0846 Tw [(, P)102.5(.)-0.1( B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 355.8246 633.5146 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EDINGER)Tj 8 0 0 8 381.0199 633.5146 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0846 Tw [(, 2003)-1000.2(The transfor)-14.1(mation of anthers in the)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -6.8795 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (msca1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.0894 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (mutant of maize. Planta )Tj /F2 1 Tf 10.5164 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (216:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2791 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (778-788.)Tj -17.6564 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.77 608.8885 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HANG)Tj 8 0 0 8 340.2929 608.8884 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.5057 Tw [(M.T)51.6(., M.G. N)]TJ 6 0 0 6 392.4324 608.8884 Tm 0 Tw (EUFFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 413.0662 608.8884 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.5056 Tw [(, 1989)-1000.1(Maize microsporogenesis.)]TJ -10.8853 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Genome )Tj /F2 1 Tf 3.9993 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (32: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (232-244.)Tj -7.4501 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.77 584.2623 Tm -0.0001 Tc (HENG)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.3113 584.2623 Tm 0 Tc (P)Tj 0.457 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.068 Tw (.C, R.I. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 372.5617 584.2622 Tm 0 Tw (REYSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 395.1174 584.2622 Tm 0.068 Tw (, D.B. W)Tj 6 0 0 6 425.2966 584.2622 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ALDEN)Tj 8 0 0 8 444.0144 584.2622 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0681 Tw [(, 1979)-1000.2(Comparison of an-)]TJ -14.7538 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1088 Tw (ther development in genic male-sterile \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 17.8388 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms10)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD 0.1089 Tw [(\) and in male-)]TJ -20.1303 -1.25 TD 0.1154 Tw [(fertile cor)-15.1(n \()]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.6038 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0989 Tw (Zea mays)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.1973 0 TD 0.1154 Tw (\) from light microscopy and scanning)Tj -9.8011 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tw (electron microscopy. Can. J. Bot. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 14.4968 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (57:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (578-596.)Tj -17.9877 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.77 539.6361 Tm -0.0001 Tc (IGAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 334.1485 539.6361 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0527 Tw (A.M., E. U)Tj 6 0 0 6 370.0178 539.6361 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (NGER)Tj 8 0 0 8 385.4953 539.6361 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0527 Tw (, R.-J. X)Tj 6 0 0 6 412.5658 539.6361 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (U)Tj 8 0 0 8 416.7655 539.6361 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.0528 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)-0.1( K)]TJ 6 0 0 6 436.3867 539.6361 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ENDALL)Tj 8 0 0 8 457.9844 539.6361 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.0527 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)0(W)53.7(.)0( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 485.4904 539.6361 Tm 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 494.0085 539.6361 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0528 Tw [(, 2001)-1000.1(Phe-)]TJ -21.003 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0465 Tw (notypic complementation of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 12.6352 0 TD 0 Tw (ms45)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6578 0 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0462 Tw (maize requires tapetal ex-)Tj -15.2929 -1.25 TD 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw (pression of MS45. Sex Plant Reprod. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 15.9387 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (14:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (135-142.)Tj -19.4296 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.77 505.0099 Tm -0.0003 Tc (UI)Tj 8 0 0 8 326.6385 505.0099 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1489 Tw [(X., R.P)102.6(. W)]TJ 6 0 0 6 363.224 505.0099 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 371.3818 505.0099 Tm 0.1488 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 396.4517 505.0099 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 422.7281 505.0099 Tm 0.1489 Tw [(, 1996)-1000.1(The )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.8369 0 TD 0.0468 Tc 0 Tw [(rf)47.1(2)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.7522 0 TD 0.0002 Tc 0.1486 Tw (nuclear restorer)Tj -19.682 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1457 Tw (gene of male-sterile T-cytoplasm maize. Science )Tj /F2 1 Tf 21.8885 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (272: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.3665 0 TD 0 Tc (1334-)Tj -24.255 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (1336.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (D)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.7309 470.3837 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ESLOIRE)Tj 8 0 0 8 344.2932 470.3837 Tm 0.1812 Tw (S., H. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 374.2235 470.3837 Tm 0 Tw (HERBI)Tj 8 0 0 8 391.2596 470.3837 Tm 0.1812 Tw [(, W)53.8(.)0( L)]TJ 6 0 0 6 414.1997 470.3837 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ALOUI)Tj 8 0 0 8 431.7163 470.3837 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1812 Tw (, S. M)Tj 6 0 0 6 454.127 470.3837 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ARHADOUR)Tj 8 0 0 8 486.522 470.3837 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.1812 Tw [(, V)53.7(.)0( C)]TJ 6 0 0 6 508.341 470.3837 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (LOUET)Tj 8 0 0 8 526.5783 470.3837 Tm 0.1812 Tw (, L.)Tj -25.0743 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 330.9432 460.3836 Tm (A)Tj 0.582 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (TTOLICO)Tj 8 0 0 8 359.2689 460.3836 Tm 0.147 Tw (, C. F)Tj 6 0 0 6 379.6105 460.3835 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ALENTIN)Tj 8 0 0 8 403.486 460.3835 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.147 Tw (, S. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 424.8715 460.3835 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (IANCOLA)Tj 8 0 0 8 449.9467 460.3835 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.147 Tw (, M. R)Tj 6 0 0 6 472.6095 460.3835 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ENARD)Tj 8 0 0 8 491.9264 460.3835 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.147 Tw [(, F)81.5(.)-0.1( B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 512.1752 460.3835 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (UDAR)Tj 8 0 0 8 528.1332 460.3835 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.147 Tw (, I.)Tj -25.2686 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (S)Tj 6 0 0 6 329.8241 450.3837 Tm -0.0001 Tc (MALL)Tj 8 0 0 8 344.222 450.3837 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0102 Tw (, M. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 365.0161 450.3837 Tm 0 Tw (ABOCHE)Tj 8 0 0 8 388.8916 450.3837 Tm 0.0102 Tw (, R. D)Tj 6 0 0 6 408.8868 450.3837 Tm 0 Tw (ELOURME)Tj 8 0 0 8 435.6407 450.3837 Tm 0.0102 Tw (, A. B)Tj 6 0 0 6 455.3156 450.3837 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ENDAHMANE)Tj 8 0 0 8 491.7902 450.3837 Tm 0.0102 Tw [(, 2003)-1000.1(Iden-)]TJ -20.7257 -1.25 TD 0.0759 Tw (tification of the fertility restoration locus, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 18.311 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rfo)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.3826 0 TD 0.076 Tw (, in radish, as a)Tj -19.6936 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1198 Tw (member of the pentatricopeptide-repeat protein family. EM-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (BO Rep. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 3.9788 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (4: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.1194 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (588-594.)Tj -6.8698 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (D)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.7309 405.7574 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EWEY)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.6027 405.7574 Tm 0.0146 Tw (R.E., C.S. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 374.099 405.7574 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EVINGS)Tj 8 0 0 8 397.4107 405.7574 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0146 Tw (III, D.H. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 433.1492 405.7573 Tm 0 Tw (IMOTHY)Tj 8 0 0 8 456.4241 405.7573 Tm 0 Tc 0.0144 Tw [(, 1986)-1000(Novel recombi-)]TJ -16.305 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.4431 Tw [(nations in the maize mitochondrial genome produce a)]TJ T* 0.277 Tw [(unique transcriptional unit in the T)34.7(exas male-sterile cyto-)]TJ T* 0 Tw (plasm. Cell )Tj /F2 1 Tf 5.0781 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (44: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (439-449.)Tj -8.529 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (D)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.7309 361.1313 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EWEY)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.6645 361.1313 Tm 0.0223 Tw (R.E., D.H. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 378.1244 361.1313 Tm 0 Tw (IMOTHY)Tj 8 0 0 8 400.932 361.1313 Tm 0.0223 Tw (, C.S L)Tj 6 0 0 6 423.2004 361.1313 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EVINGS)Tj 8 0 0 8 446.5739 361.1313 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0223 Tw [(III, 1987)-1000.2(A mitochondrial)]TJ -15.0737 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0158 Tw (protein associated with cytoplasmic male sterility in the T cy-)Tj T* 0 Tw (toplasm of maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA )Tj /F2 1 Tf 19.4146 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (84: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD 0 Tc (5374-5378.)Tj -22.8654 -1.8283 TD (D)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.7309 326.5051 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ILL)Tj 8 0 0 8 329.815 326.5051 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2308 Tw [(C.L., R.P)102.6(. W)]TJ 6 0 0 6 373.4694 326.5051 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 381.6271 326.5051 Tm 0.2308 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 408.008 326.5051 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 434.2844 326.5051 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj 0.7415 0 TD (1997)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf8)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9772 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.1503 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (Rf)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.8787 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2308 Tw (* mediate)Tj -22.2851 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.4086 Tw (unique T-)Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.6271 0 TD 0 Tw [(ur)-47.1(f13)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.4363 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.4086 Tw (-transcript accumulation, revealing a con-)Tj -7.0634 -1.25 TD 0.057 Tw [(served motif associated with RNA processing and restoration)]TJ T* 0.0804 Tw [(of pollen fertility in T-cytoplasm maize. Genetics )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 21.8955 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (147:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.3595 0 TD 0 Tc (1367-)Tj -24.255 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (1379.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (D)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.7309 271.8788 Tm -0.0001 Tc (UVICK)Tj 8 0 0 8 340.1601 271.8788 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2793 Tw [(D.N., 1965)-1000.2(Cytoplasmic pollen sterility in cor)-15.1(n. Adv.)]TJ -1.772 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (Genet. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 3.1592 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (13: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (1-56.)Tj -6.61 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (D)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.7309 247.2527 Tm -0.0001 Tc (UVICK)Tj 8 0 0 8 339.0835 247.2527 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1447 Tw (D.N., R.J. S)Tj 6 0 0 6 379.4625 247.2527 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (NYDER)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.8995 247.2527 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1447 Tw (, E.G. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 428.0831 247.2527 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (NDERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 455.319 247.2527 Tm 0.1446 Tw [(, 1961)-1000.1(The chromoso-)]TJ -16.1669 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1523 Tw (mal location of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.2543 0 TD 0 Tw (Rf1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4265 0 TD 0 Tc 0.1521 Tw (, a restorer gene for cytoplasmic pollen)Tj -8.6808 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (sterile maize. Genetics )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9.9771 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (46: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD 0 Tc (1245-1252.)Tj -13.4279 -1.8283 TD (E)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.2895 212.6265 Tm -0.0002 Tc (MERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 342.4245 212.6265 Tm 0 Tc 0.0225 Tw [(R.A., 1932)-1000(A recessive zygotic lethal resulting in 2:1 ra-)]TJ -2.055 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0163 Tw [(tios for nor)-14(mal vs. male-sterile and colored vs. colorless peri-)]TJ T* 0 Tc -0.0001 Tw (carp in F2 of certain maize inbreds. Science )Tj /F2 1 Tf 19.177 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (75: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (566.)Tj -22.6279 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (E)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.2895 178.0002 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.4275 178.0002 Tm 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.866 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0529 Tw [(.H., 1921)-1000.1(Heritable characters of maize. VII. Male ster-)]TJ -2.1714 -1.25 TD 0 Tc -0.0002 Tw (ile. J. Hered. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 5.7207 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (12:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (138-141.)Tj -9.2116 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (E)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.2895 153.374 Tm -0.0002 Tc (YSTER)Tj 8 0 0 8 337.2763 153.374 Tm 0 Tc (W)Tj 0.866 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.159 Tw [(.H., 1934)-1000.1(Genetics of )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 10.5146 0 TD 0.1362 Tw (Zea mays)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.2346 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.159 Tw [(. Bibliogr)44.7(. Genet. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 8.1488 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (11:)Tj /F1 1 Tf -25.1754 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (187-392.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (F)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.9692 128.7478 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ORDE)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.369 128.7478 Tm 0.2356 Tw (B.G., C.J. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 378.0427 128.7478 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw [(EA)113.4(VER)]TJ 8 0 0 8 395.2355 128.7478 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2356 Tw [(, 1980)-1000.1(Nuclear and cytoplasmic genes)]TJ -8.6564 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.014 Tw (controlling synthesis of variant mitochondrial polypeptides in)Tj T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (male-sterile maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA )Tj /F2 1 Tf 19.7747 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (77: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (418-422.)Tj -23.2255 -1.8283 TD 0 Tc (F)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.9692 94.1216 Tm -0.0004 Tc (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 327.9455 94.1216 Tm -0.0519 Tc (T.)Tj 0.7878 0 TD (W)Tj 0.866 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1124 Tw (., M.R. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 372.0808 94.1216 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 395.5959 94.1216 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1125 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 425.2234 94.1216 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 452.8049 94.1216 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1124 Tw [(, 2002)-1000.1(Male-sterile mu-)]TJ -15.8526 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (tant )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0453 0 TD (ms24)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.7375 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1261 Tw [(mapped to chromosome 10. Maize Genet. Coop.)]TJ -4.7828 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (76: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (37.)Tj -40.1993 82.0674 TD [(374)-22331.2(D.S. SKIBBE, P)102.7(.S. SCHNABLE)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 31 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Length 24373 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 56.6929 688.1409 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (G)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 77.3667 688.1409 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 83.7652 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 115.5555 688.1409 Tm 0 Tc 0.0091 Tw [(S., 2000)-1000(Restorers-of-fertility for CMS-S are pre-)]TJ -5.5862 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1782 Tw [(sent in maize and teosinte from Mexico. Maydica )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 22.9199 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (45: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.8351 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (125-)Tj -24.755 -1.25 TD (132.)Tj -1.7716 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (G)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 653.7868 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 77.3667 653.7868 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 83.7652 653.7868 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 117.1081 653.7868 Tm 0.2033 Tw [(S., 2004)-1000.1(Molecular)9.7(-genetic characterization of)]TJ -5.7803 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (CMS-S )Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.1299 0 TD 0 Tc (r)Tj 0.4219 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(estor)-32.1(er)9.7(-of-fertility )]TJ /F1 1 Tf 7.6858 0 TD 0.1105 Tw (alleles identified in Mexican maize)Tj -11.2375 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (and teosinte. Genetics )Tj /F2 1 Tf 9.8569 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (166:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2791 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (959-970.)Tj -13.9076 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (G)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 619.4327 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ALLAGHER)Tj 8 0 0 8 95.2981 619.4327 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1213 Tw (L.J., B)Tj 6 0 0 6 116.5791 619.4327 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (ETZ)Tj 8 0 0 8 130.5452 619.4327 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1213 Tw (S.K., C.D. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 172.9509 619.4327 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HASE)Tj 8 0 0 8 187.469 619.4327 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1213 Tw [(, 2002)-1000.2(Mitochondrial RNA)]TJ -14.5754 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1656 Tw (editing truncates a chimeric open reading frame associated)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0001 Tw (with S male-sterility in maize. Curr Genet. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 18.3535 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (42:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (179-184.)Tj -21.8444 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (G)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 585.0787 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(OLUBOVSKA)100.7(Y)99.9(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 107.428 585.0786 Tm 0.1084 Tw [(I.N., 1979)-1000.1(Genetical control of meiosis. Int. Rev.)]TJ -4.5702 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Cytol. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 2.7988 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (58:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (247-290.)Tj -6.2897 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (G)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 560.7245 Tm -0.0001 Tc [(OLUBOVSKA)100.7(Y)99.9(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 108.7646 560.7245 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2755 Tw [(I.N., D.V)53.8(. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 151.2858 560.7245 Tm 0 Tw [(ITNIKOV)110.6(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 178.4543 560.7245 Tm 0 Tc 0.2754 Tw [(, 1980)-1000(Three meiotic muta-)]TJ -13.4485 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0052 Tw (tions of maize, causing irregular segregation of chromosomes)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (in the first division of meiosis. Genetika )Tj /F2 1 Tf 17.5132 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (16: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (656-666.)Tj -20.964 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (G)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 526.3705 Tm -0.0002 Tc (RACEN)Tj 8 0 0 8 84.184 526.3705 Tm 0 Tc (V)Tj 0.5859 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.052 Tw (.E., A. K)Tj 6 0 0 6 118.0108 526.3705 Tm 0 Tw (HEYR)Tj 8 0 0 8 133.2481 526.3705 Tm -0.0004 Tc (-P)Tj 6 0 0 6 140.2852 526.3705 Tm -0.0002 Tc (OUR)Tj 8 0 0 8 152.6426 526.3705 Tm 0.052 Tw (, E.D. E)Tj 6 0 0 6 179.7038 526.3705 Tm 0 Tw (ARLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 193.2609 526.3705 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.052 Tw [(, P)102.5(.)-0.1( G)]TJ 6 0 0 6 212.9432 526.3705 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(REGOR)26.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 236.1771 526.3705 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0521 Tw [(, 1979)-1000.1(Cyto-)]TJ -20.6639 -1.25 TD 0.085 Tw (plasmic inheritance of male sterility and pest resistance. An-)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(nu. Cor)-15.1(n and Sor)16.7(ghum Res. Conf. Proc. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 17.3528 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (34:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (76-91.)Tj -20.8437 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (H)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 492.0163 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ORNER)Tj 8 0 0 8 87.31 492.0163 Tm 0.3679 Tw [(H.T)51.6(., R.G. P)]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.3646 492.0162 Tm 0 Tw (ALMER)Tj 8 0 0 8 151.7206 492.0162 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3679 Tw [(, 1995)-1000.1(Mechanisms of genic male)]TJ -10.1068 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tw (sterility. Crop Sci. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 7.8577 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (35:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD 0 Tc (1527-1535.)Tj -11.3486 -1.7942 TD (H)Tj 6 0 0 6 62.6128 467.6624 Tm -0.0001 Tc (SU)Tj 8 0 0 8 74.2174 467.6624 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2457 Tw [(S.-Y)53.8(., P)102.6(.A. P)]TJ 6 0 0 6 118.1578 467.6624 Tm 0 Tw (ETERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 143.5919 467.6624 Tm 0.2458 Tw [(, 1981)-1000.2(Relative stage duration of mi-)]TJ -9.0907 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (crosporogenesis in maize. Iowa State J. Res. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 19.2556 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (55: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (351-373.)Tj -22.7065 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (J)Tj 6 0 0 6 59.2515 443.3083 Tm -0.0001 Tc (OSEPHSEN)Tj 8 0 0 8 91.0462 443.3083 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0101 Tw [(L.M., T)51.6(.E. M)]TJ 6 0 0 6 132.0565 443.3083 Tm 0 Tw (ORGAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 152.6932 443.3083 Tm 0.0101 Tw (, J.M. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 178.2836 443.3083 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RNOLD)Tj 8 0 0 8 197.9609 443.3083 Tm 0.0101 Tw [(, 1978)-1000.1(Genetics and in-)]TJ -15.8869 -1.25 TD 0.0944 Tw [(heritance of fertility restoration of male-sterile cytoplasms in)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw [(cor)-15.1(n. Annu. Cor)-15.1(n and Sor)16.7(ghum Res. Conf. Proc. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 21.0664 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (33:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (48-59.)Tj -24.5573 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 408.9542 Tm -0.0002 Tc (AMPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 80.8995 408.9542 Tm 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.5281 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1865 Tw (.L., D.R. M)Tj 6 0 0 6 124.4124 408.9542 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (C)Tj 8 0 0 8 128.1317 408.9542 Tm (C)Tj 6 0 0 6 133.0906 408.9542 Tm -0.0003 Tc [(AR)-18.2(TY)]TJ 8 0 0 8 147.4871 408.9542 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1865 Tw (, C.D. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 177.6602 408.9542 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HASE)Tj 8 0 0 8 192.1782 408.9542 Tm 0.1865 Tw [(, 1996)-1000.1(Gametophyte ge-)]TJ -15.164 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0651 Tw (netics in )Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.0487 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0558 Tw (Zea mays)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.5391 0 TD 0.065 Tw (L.: Dominance of a restoration of fertility)Tj -8.5878 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (allele \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.939 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (Rf3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4265 0 TD (\) in diploid pollen. Genetics )Tj /F2 1 Tf 12.4951 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (142:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.279 0 TD 0 Tc (1001-1007.)Tj -20.9113 -1.7943 TD (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 374.6 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUL)Tj 8 0 0 8 76.5113 374.6 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1327 Tw [(M.L.H., 1988)-1000.2(Male sterility in higher plants. Springer)9.6(-V)88.7(er-)]TJ -0.7057 -1.25 TD 0 Tw [(lag, New Y)77.7(ork.)]TJ -1.7716 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 350.246 Tm -0.0002 Tc (AZAMA)Tj 8 0 0 8 85.9572 350.246 Tm 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.5281 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1888 Tw (., K. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 114.4721 350.246 Tm 0 Tw [(ORIY)99.6(AMA)]TJ 8 0 0 8 140.3866 350.246 Tm 0 Tc 0.1887 Tw [(, 2003)-1000(A pentatricopeptide repeat-con-)]TJ -8.6901 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1526 Tw (taining gene that promotes the processing of aberrant atp6)Tj T* 0 Tw (RNA of cytoplasmic male-sterile rice. FEBS Lett. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 20.8132 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (544:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2791 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (99-102.)Tj -24.8639 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 315.8919 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ENNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 87 315.8919 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.199 Tw [(J.C., R.P)102.6(. W)]TJ 6 0 0 6 128.8643 315.8919 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 137.022 315.8919 Tm 0.199 Tw (, D.R. P)Tj 6 0 0 6 166.5953 315.8919 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RING)Tj 8 0 0 8 180.6329 315.8919 Tm 0.199 Tw [(, 1987)-1000.1(Influence of nuclear)]TJ -13.7209 -1.25 TD 0.0228 Tw (background on transcription of a maize mitochondrial region)Tj T* 0.3567 Tw [(associated with T)34.8(exas male sterile cytoplasm. Mol. Gen.)]TJ T* 0 Tw (Genet. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 3.1592 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (210: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.239 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (399-406.)Tj -7.1698 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 271.5379 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ERK)Tj 8 0 0 8 75.7208 271.5379 Tm 0.049 Tw [(N.M., T)51.6(.)0.1( C)]TJ 6 0 0 6 111.1174 271.5379 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ESERANI)Tj 8 0 0 8 134.1521 271.5379 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0491 Tw (, S.L. T)Tj 6 0 0 6 158.2176 271.5379 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(AUST)64.8(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 176.0653 271.5379 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0491 Tw (, I.M. S)Tj 6 0 0 6 200.999 271.5379 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (USSEX)Tj 8 0 0 8 218.1567 271.5379 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.049 Tw [(, T)51.6(.M N)]TJ 6 0 0 6 244.4381 271.5379 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 262.4352 271.5379 Tm 0.0491 Tw (, 2003)Tj -23.9461 -1.25 TD 0.3254 Tw (Laser capture microdissection of cells from plant tissues.)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Plant Physiol. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 6.1375 0 TD (132: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.239 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (27-35.)Tj -10.1481 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 237.1837 Tm -0.0002 Tc (OIZUKA)Tj 8 0 0 8 89.1692 237.1837 Tm 0.3054 Tw (N., R. I)Tj 6 0 0 6 118.2038 237.1837 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (MAI)Tj 8 0 0 8 128.7609 237.1837 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.3054 Tw (, H. F)Tj 6 0 0 6 152.9986 237.1837 Tm 0 Tw (UJIMOTO)Tj 8 0 0 8 178.6714 237.1837 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.3054 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)-0.1( H)]TJ 6 0 0 6 202.9756 237.1837 Tm -0.1009 Tc 0 Tw (AY)Tj 1.0991 0 TD -0.0002 Tc [(AKA)113.5(W)109.7(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 229.2256 237.1837 Tm 0.3053 Tw [(, Y)53.8(.)0( K)]TJ 6 0 0 6 253.5121 237.1837 Tm 0 Tw (IMURA)Tj 8 0 0 8 271.7479 237.1837 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.3054 Tw (, J.)Tj -25.1102 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 76.1454 227.1837 Tm -0.0002 Tc (OHNO)Tj 8 0 0 8 94.1425 227.1836 Tm -0.0004 Tc (-M)Tj 6 0 0 6 103.0995 227.1836 Tm -0.0001 Tc (URASE)Tj 8 0 0 8 120.8564 227.1836 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.1501 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)-0.1( S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 140.5959 227.1836 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (AKAI)Tj 8 0 0 8 154.153 227.1836 Tm 0.1501 Tw (, S. K)Tj 6 0 0 6 174.9471 227.1836 Tm -0.1139 Tc 0 Tw (AW)Tj 1.3362 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (ASAKI)Tj 8 0 0 8 199.4012 227.1836 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1501 Tw (, J. I)Tj 6 0 0 6 216.1934 227.1836 Tm 0 Tw (MAMURA)Tj 8 0 0 8 241.1485 227.1836 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1501 Tw [(, 2003)-1000.1(Ge-)]TJ -21.2853 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0.1964 Tw (netic characterization of a pentatricopeptide repeat protein)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (gene, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.7884 0 TD [(or)-47.1(f687)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.8831 0 TD 0 Tc 0.1291 Tw (, that restores fertility in the cytoplasmic male-)Tj -5.6715 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (sterile Kosena radish. Plant J. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 12.8753 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (34:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (407-415.)Tj -16.3661 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 182.8296 Tm -0.0002 Tc (OMORI)Tj 8 0 0 8 84.7887 182.8295 Tm 0 Tc (T)Tj 0.5281 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0879 Tw (., S. O)Tj 6 0 0 6 111.8505 182.8294 Tm 0 Tw [(HT)64.7(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 123.2191 182.8294 Tm 0.088 Tw (, N. M)Tj 6 0 0 6 145.898 182.8294 Tm 0 Tw (URAI)Tj 8 0 0 8 159.335 182.8294 Tm 0.0879 Tw [(, Y)53.8(.)0.1( T)]TJ 6 0 0 6 179.1126 182.8294 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (AKAKURA)Tj 8 0 0 8 206.2283 182.8294 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0879 Tw [(, Y)53.8(.)0( K)]TJ 6 0 0 6 227.0362 182.8294 Tm 0 Tw [(URA)100.6(Y)99.7(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 245.149 182.8294 Tm 0.088 Tw (, S. S)Tj 6 0 0 6 263.5095 182.8294 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (UZUKI)Tj 8 0 0 8 281.3865 182.8294 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -26.3151 -1.25 TD -0.054 Tc 0.176 Tw [(Y.)-53.8( H)]TJ 6 0 0 6 87.2482 172.8297 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (IEI)Tj 8 0 0 8 94.445 172.8297 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1222 Tw (, H. I)Tj 6 0 0 6 114.1525 172.8297 Tm 0 Tw (MASEKI)Tj 8 0 0 8 134.9079 172.8297 Tm 0.1222 Tw (, N. N)Tj 6 0 0 6 157.3361 172.8297 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw [(ITT)64.6(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 169.6628 172.8297 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1223 Tw [(, 2004)-1000.2(Map-based cloning of a)]TJ -12.3496 -1.25 TD 0.0001 Tc 0.0828 Tw (fertility restorer gene, )Tj /F3 1 Tf 9.7914 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf-1)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7573 0 TD 0.0831 Tw (, in rice \()Tj /F3 1 Tf 4.2074 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0711 Tw (Oryza sativa)Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.9349 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0831 Tw (L.\). Plant J.)Tj /F2 1 Tf -21.6909 -1.25 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (37: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (315-325.)Tj -3.4508 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (K)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.9722 138.4756 Tm -0.0003 Tc [(OR)-18.2(TH)]TJ 8 0 0 8 80.992 138.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0347 Tw (K.L., C.I. K)Tj 6 0 0 6 118.971 138.4756 Tm 0 Tw (ASPI)Tj 8 0 0 8 130.9681 138.4756 Tm 0.0347 Tw (, J.N. S)Tj 6 0 0 6 154.8728 138.4756 Tm 0 Tw (IEDOW)Tj 8 0 0 8 174.3816 138.4756 Tm 0.0347 Tw (, C.S. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 198.927 138.4756 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EVINGS)Tj 8 0 0 8 222.3999 138.4756 Tm 0.0347 Tw [(III, 1991)-1000.1(URF13,)]TJ -18.9417 -1.25 TD 0.2476 Tw [(a maize mitochondrial pore-for)-14(ming protein, is oligomeric)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0.0189 Tw (and has a mixed orientation in )Tj /F3 1 Tf 13.6682 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0161 Tw (Escherichia coli)Tj /F1 1 Tf 7.0892 0 TD 0.0188 Tw (plasma mem-)Tj -20.7574 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (branes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA )Tj /F2 1 Tf 14.8562 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (88: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD 0 Tc (10865-10869.)Tj -18.3071 -1.7943 TD (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 60.5328 94.1216 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ASER)Tj 8 0 0 8 78.6124 94.1216 Tm 0.2455 Tw (K.D., N.R. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 123.3253 94.1216 Tm 0 Tw (ERSTEN)Tj 8 0 0 8 144.0807 94.1216 Tm 0.2455 Tw [(, 1972)-1000.2(Anatomy and cytology of mi-)]TJ -9.1518 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3733 Tw [(crosporogenesis in cytoplasmic male sterile angiosper)-14(ms.)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Bot. Rev. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.2185 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (38: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (425-454.)Tj 24.2204 76.7524 TD 0 Tc (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 348.4167 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1312 Tw (J.R., S. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 380.9025 688.1409 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 395.6564 688.1409 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 402.0549 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 431.2126 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1312 Tw [(, 1975)-1000.2(An episomal basis for)]TJ -13.1535 -1.25 TD 0.0805 Tw [(instability of S male sterility in maize and some implications)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.0917 Tw (for plant breeding. pp. 330-349. )Tj /F3 1 Tf 14.4778 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (In)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.9238 0 TD 0.0918 Tw [(: C.W)53.8(. Birky Jr)44.7(., P)102.6(.S. Perl-)]TJ -15.4016 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0035 Tw [(man, T)51.7(.J. Byers \(Eds.\), Genetics and the biogenesis of cell or-)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tw (ganelle. Ohio State Univ. Press, Columbus.)Tj -1.7716 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 633.7867 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 348.5109 633.7867 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.143 Tw (J.R., S. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 381.1851 633.7867 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 395.9391 633.7867 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 402.3375 633.7867 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 431.4952 633.7867 Tm 0.1429 Tw [(, 1978)-1000.1(Nuclear and cytoplas-)]TJ -13.1889 -1.25 TD 0.0159 Tw (mic mutations to fertility in S male-sterile maize. pp. 427-446.)Tj /F3 1 Tf T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (In)Tj /F1 1 Tf 0.9238 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1795 Tw [(: D.B. W)80.7(a)0.1(lden \(Ed.\), Maize Breeding and Genetics. John)]TJ -0.9238 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (W)Tj 0.907 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(iley & Sons, New Y)77.8(ork.)]TJ -2.6786 -1.7942 TD 0 Tc (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 589.4327 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 351.5869 589.4327 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.5275 Tw (J.R., S. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 390.4132 589.4327 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 405.1671 589.4327 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 411.5655 589.4327 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 440.7232 589.4327 Tm 0.5274 Tw [(, 1983)-1000.1(Cytoplasmic male)]TJ -14.3424 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (sterility in maize. Annu. Rev. Genet. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 15.8545 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (17:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (27-48.)Tj -19.3454 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 565.0787 Tm -0.0004 Tc (EE)Tj 8 0 0 8 326.1618 565.0787 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1543 Tw (S.J., E.D. E)Tj 6 0 0 6 365.4142 565.0786 Tm 0 Tw (ARLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 378.9713 565.0786 Tm 0.1543 Tw [(, V)53.8(.E. G)]TJ 6 0 0 6 407.878 565.0786 Tm 0 Tw (RACEN)Tj 8 0 0 8 426.4742 565.0786 Tm 0.1544 Tw [(, 1980)-1000.2(The cytology of pollen)]TJ -12.5613 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1698 Tw [(abortion in S cytoplasmic male sterile cor)-15(n anthers. Am. J.)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Bot. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 2.0591 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (67:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (237-245.)Tj -5.55 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 530.7246 Tm -0.0001 Tc (EVINGS)Tj 8 0 0 8 340.6902 530.7246 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2305 Tw (III C.S., J.N. S)Tj 6 0 0 6 392.7613 530.7246 Tm 0 Tw (IEDOW)Tj 8 0 0 8 412.6773 530.7246 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2305 Tw [(, 1992)-1000.1(Molecular basis of disease)]TJ -10.8366 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0355 Tw [(susceptibility in the T)34.7(exas cytoplasm of maize. Plant Mol. Bi-)]TJ T* -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (ol. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 1.3992 0 TD (19:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (135-147.)Tj -4.8901 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 496.3705 Tm -0.0003 Tc (IU)Tj 8 0 0 8 324.3579 496.3704 Tm 0 Tc (F)Tj 0.438 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0037 Tw [(., P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 352.6869 496.3704 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 378.9633 496.3704 Tm 0 Tc 0.0036 Tw [(, 2002)-1000(Functional specialization of maize mi-)]TJ -6.6224 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3044 Tw (tochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenases. Plant Physiol. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 24.6156 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (130:)Tj /F1 1 Tf -24.6156 -1.25 TD 0 Tc (1657-1674.)Tj -1.7716 -1.7943 TD (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 462.0163 Tm -0.0003 Tc (IU)Tj 8 0 0 8 324.5651 462.0163 Tm 0 Tc (F)Tj 0.438 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0296 Tw (., X. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 349.9727 462.0162 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (UI)Tj 8 0 0 8 356.0914 462.0162 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0296 Tw [(, H.T)51.6(. H)]TJ 6 0 0 6 383.9814 462.0161 Tm 0 Tw (ORNER)Tj 8 0 0 8 403.1768 462.0161 Tm 0.0296 Tw (, H. W)Tj 6 0 0 6 426.2035 462.0161 Tm 0 Tw (EINER)Tj 8 0 0 8 442.5189 462.0161 Tm 0.0296 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 465.6805 462.0161 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 491.9568 462.0161 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0297 Tw [(, 2001)-1000.2(Mito-)]TJ -20.7466 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0.2758 Tw (chondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase activity is required for)Tj T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (male fertility in maize. Plant Cell )Tj /F2 1 Tf 14.3345 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (13:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD 0 Tc (1063-1078.)Tj -17.8254 -1.7942 TD (L)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 427.6624 Tm -0.0001 Tc (OUKIDES)Tj 8 0 0 8 344.5472 427.6624 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1128 Tw (C.A., A.H. B)Tj 6 0 0 6 388.0959 427.6624 Tm 0 Tw [(ROADW)109.6(A)57.8(TER)]TJ 8 0 0 8 423.2023 427.6624 Tm 0.1127 Tw [(, P)102.6(.A. B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 450.2529 427.6624 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EDINGER)Tj 8 0 0 8 475.4482 427.6624 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1128 Tw [(, 1995)-1000.2(T)-7.8(wo new)]TJ -18.683 -1.25 TD 0.1735 Tw (male-sterile mutants of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 10.6368 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1486 Tw (Zea mays)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.7402 0 TD 0.1734 Tw [(\(Poaceae\) with abnor)-14(mal)]TJ -15.3771 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (tapetal cell morphology. Am. J. Bot. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 15.814 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (82: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD 0 Tc (1017-1023.)Tj -19.2648 -1.7943 TD (M)Tj 6 0 0 6 318.2095 393.3082 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ACKENZIE)Tj 8 0 0 8 348.8168 393.3082 Tm 0.0119 Tw (S., H. S)Tj 6 0 0 6 373.9582 393.3082 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HICHUAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 400.7151 393.3082 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0119 Tw (, A. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 418.8331 393.3082 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (YZNIK)Tj 8 0 0 8 436.4698 393.3082 Tm 0.0118 Tw [(, 1994)-1000.1(The elusive plant mi-)]TJ -13.8107 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0001 Tw (tochondrion as a genetic system. Plant Physiol. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 20.5928 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (105:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2791 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (775-780.)Tj -24.6435 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (M)Tj 6 0 0 6 318.2095 368.9542 Tm -0.0001 Tc (OSS)Tj 8 0 0 8 333.4048 368.9542 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2748 Tw (G.I., J. H)Tj 6 0 0 6 368.1881 368.9542 Tm 0 Tw (ESLOP)Tj 8 0 0 8 385.3444 368.9542 Tm (-H)Tj 6 0 0 6 393.8229 368.9542 Tm (ARRISON)Tj 8 0 0 8 418.2975 368.9542 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.2748 Tw [(, 1967)-1000.1(A cytochemical study of)]TJ -11.5392 -1.25 TD 0.1606 Tw [(DNA, RNA and protein in the developing maize anther)44.8(. II.)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Observations. Ann. Bot. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 10.5962 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (31:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (555-574.)Tj -14.0871 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (N)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.4106 334.6001 Tm -0.0002 Tc (AKAZONO)Tj 8 0 0 8 350.5015 334.6001 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.2172 Tw [(M., F)81.5(.)0( Q)]TJ 6 0 0 6 381.4694 334.6001 Tm 0 Tw (IU)Tj 8 0 0 8 387.5881 334.6001 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2173 Tw (, L.A. B)Tj 6 0 0 6 416.4935 334.6001 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ORSUK)Tj 8 0 0 8 435.6903 334.6001 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2172 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 461.8535 334.6001 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 488.1299 334.6001 Tm 0.2173 Tw [(, 2003)-1000.1(Laser)9.7(-)]TJ -20.2682 -1.25 TD 0.2949 Tw (capture microdissection, a tool for the global analysis of)Tj T* 0.0851 Tw [(gene expression in specific plant cell types: identification of)]TJ T* 0 Tc 0.1132 Tw [(genes expressed dif)-9.8(ferentially in epider)-13.9(mal cells or vascular)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (tissues of maize. Plant Cell )Tj /F2 1 Tf 11.8157 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (15:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (583-596.)Tj -15.3066 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (N)Tj 6 0 0 6 317.4106 280.2459 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EUFFER)Tj 8 0 0 8 341.2569 280.2459 Tm 0.0818 Tw [(M.G., 1987)-1000.2(Location of dominant male sterile on chro-)]TJ -1.9091 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (mosome 4L. Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 19.2747 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (61:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (51.)Tj -22.7655 -1.7942 TD 0 Tc (P)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.2895 255.892 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RING)Tj 8 0 0 8 333.8237 255.892 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1173 Tw (D.R., C.S. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 374.4047 255.892 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EVINGS)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.5379 255.892 Tm 0.1172 Tw [(III, 1978)-1000.1(Heterogeneity of maize cyto-)]TJ -9.0692 -1.25 TD 0.127 Tw (plasmic genomes among male sterility cytoplasms. Genetics)Tj /F2 1 Tf T* -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (89: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (121-136.)Tj -3.4508 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (P)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.2895 221.5378 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RING)Tj 8 0 0 8 333.5647 221.5378 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0849 Tw (D.R., D.M. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 377.1472 221.5378 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ONSDALE)Tj 8 0 0 8 403.4236 221.5378 Tm 0.0848 Tw [(, 1989)-1000.1(Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and)]TJ -9.6799 -1.25 TD 0.1326 Tw [(Mater)-15(nal Inheritance of Disease Susceptibility in Maize. An-)]TJ T* -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (nu. Rev. Phytopath. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 8.7969 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (27: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (483-502.)Tj -12.2477 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (S)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 187.1838 Tm -0.0001 Tc (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 345.5178 187.1838 Tm 0 Tc (P)Tj 0.457 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.129 Tw (.S., R.P W)Tj 6 0 0 6 384.984 187.1838 Tm 0 Tw (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 393.1417 187.1838 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1289 Tw [(, 1998)-1000.1(The molecular basis of cytoplas-)]TJ -8.3947 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0302 Tw [(mic male sterility and fertility restoration. T)31.8(r)-3(ends Plant Sci. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 25.7352 0 TD -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (3:)Tj /F1 1 Tf -25.7352 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (175-180.)Tj -1.7716 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (S)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 152.8297 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(CHW)109.6(AR)-18(TZ)]TJ 8 0 0 8 346.9585 152.8297 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1532 Tw [(D., 1951)-1000.1(The interaction of nuclear and cytoplasmic)]TJ -2.6218 -1.25 TD 0.0737 Tw (factors in the inheritance of male sterility in maize. Genetics)Tj /F2 1 Tf T* -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (36: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (676-696.)Tj -3.4508 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (S)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 118.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc (KIBBE)Tj 8 0 0 8 335.9419 118.4756 Tm 0.102 Tw [(D.S., F)81.6(.)0( L)]TJ 6 0 0 6 368.1079 118.4756 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (IU)Tj 8 0 0 8 374.2266 118.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.102 Tw [(, T)51.6(.-J. W)]TJ 6 0 0 6 403.9122 118.4756 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (EN)Tj 8 0 0 8 411.4708 118.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1021 Tw (, M.D. Y)Tj 6 0 0 6 441.4537 118.4756 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ANDEAU)Tj 8 0 0 8 465.3307 118.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.102 Tw (, X. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 486.3151 118.4756 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (UI)Tj 8 0 0 8 492.4337 118.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.102 Tw (, J. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 510.8576 118.4756 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (AO)Tj 8 0 0 8 519.3756 118.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.102 Tw (, C.R.)Tj -24.1739 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (S)Tj 6 0 0 6 329.8241 108.4756 Tm -0.0002 Tc (IMMONS)Tj 8 0 0 8 353.099 108.4756 Tm 0.2148 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 379.2248 108.4756 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 405.5011 108.4756 Tm 0.2148 Tw [(, 2002)-1000.1(Characterization of the alde-)]TJ -9.9396 -1.25 TD 0.2342 Tw (hyde dehydrogenase gene families of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 17.6476 0 TD 0.2007 Tw (Zea mays)Tj /F1 1 Tf 4.8531 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.1537 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (Ara-)Tj -24.6544 -1.25 TD (bidopsis)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4102 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (. Plant Mol. Biol. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 7.5364 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (48:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (751-764.)Tj -14.4374 -1.7943 TD 0 Tc (S)Tj 6 0 0 6 315.6509 74.1216 Tm -0.0001 Tc (NYDER)Tj 8 0 0 8 338.5179 74.1216 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.109 Tw (R.J., D.N D)Tj 6 0 0 6 378.3272 74.1216 Tm 0 Tw (UVICK)Tj 8 0 0 8 395.9639 74.1216 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1088 Tw [(, 1969)-1000.1(Chromosomal location of )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 15.2323 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf2)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.4265 0 TD 0.1089 Tw (, a)Tj -32.6287 82.0674 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(MALE STERILITY)-24939.1(375)]TJ ET Q endstream endobj 34 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F1 4 0 R /F2 5 0 R /F3 6 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 7 0 R >> >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Length 18169 >> stream q 1 i -1 794 597 -796 re 0 793 m W n 0.03 793.02 595.02 -793.02 re W n BT /F1 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 70.8661 688.1409 Tm 0 0 0 1 k /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0.1019 Tw (restorer gene for cytoplasmic pollen sterile maize. Crop Sci.)Tj /F2 1 Tf 0 -1.25 TD -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (9:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.1594 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (156-157.)Tj -2.9311 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (S)Tj 6 0 0 6 60.5328 663.1911 Tm -0.0002 Tc (TINTZI)Tj 8 0 0 8 82.1187 663.1911 Tm 0.0541 Tw (A., J. B)Tj 6 0 0 6 107.1325 663.1911 Tm 0 Tw (ROWSE)Tj 8 0 0 8 127.0485 663.1911 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0541 Tw [(, 2000)-1000.1(The )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 5.6472 0 TD 0 Tw (Arabidopsis)Tj /F1 1 Tf 5.3737 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0541 Tw (male-sterile mutant,)Tj /F3 1 Tf -18.0437 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (opr3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9465 0 TD 0 Tc 0.151 Tw [(, lacks the 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductase required)]TJ -1.9465 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0024 Tw (for jasmonate synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA )Tj /F2 1 Tf 22.0333 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (97:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7217 0 TD 0 Tc (10625-)Tj -23.755 -1.25 TD (10630.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8687 TD (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 618.2413 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 88.8973 618.2413 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1864 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.7368 618.2413 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 142.2548 618.2413 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1865 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 173.0669 618.2413 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 200.6485 618.2412 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1865 Tw [(, 1998a)-1000.1(New chromo-)]TJ -16.2228 -1.25 TD 0.2785 Tw (some 10S male-sterile mutant: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 14.3104 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms29)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2785 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -16.6019 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (72: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (37-38.)Tj -8.3095 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 583.2916 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 88.8061 583.2916 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.175 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.4631 583.2915 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 141.9811 583.2915 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1751 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 172.6108 583.2915 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 200.1923 583.2914 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1751 Tw [(, 1998b)-1000.1(New chromo-)]TJ -16.1658 -1.25 TD 0.0847 Tw (some 2L male-sterile mutants )Tj /F3 1 Tf 13.1752 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms30)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6961 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0042 0 TD (ms31)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0847 Tw (. Maize Genet.)Tj -20.167 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0001 Tw (Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 7.7576 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (72: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (38.)Tj -11.2084 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 548.3418 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 88.8973 548.3417 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1864 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.7368 548.3417 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 142.2548 548.3417 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1865 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 173.0669 548.3417 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 200.6485 548.3417 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1865 Tw [(, 1999a)-1000.1(New chromo-)]TJ -16.2228 -1.25 TD 0.3871 Tw (some 3L male-sterile mutant )Tj /F3 1 Tf 13.9848 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms37)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3871 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -16.2762 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (73: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (48.)Tj -8.3095 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 513.392 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 88.7292 513.3919 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1655 Tw (M.R., E. P)Tj 6 0 0 6 124.2793 513.3919 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 0.582 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (TTERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 153.3257 513.3919 Tm 0.1655 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 183.8016 513.3919 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 211.3831 513.3919 Tm 0 Tc 0.1654 Tw [(, 1999b)-1000(New chro-)]TJ -17.5646 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.19 Tw (mosome 7L male-sterile mutant )Tj /F3 1 Tf 14.576 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms34)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.19 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -16.8675 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (73:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (49.)Tj -8.3495 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 478.4421 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 89.8058 478.4421 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.3 Tw (M.R., E. P)Tj 6 0 0 6 127.5092 478.4421 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 0.582 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (TTERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 156.5556 478.4421 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.3 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)0(W)53.7(.)0( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 188.0187 478.4421 Tm 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 196.5368 478.4421 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.3001 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 229.1659 478.4421 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 256.7475 478.4421 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.3001 Tw (, 1999c)Tj -23.2352 -1.25 TD 0.151 Tw (New chromosome 9L male-sterile mutants )Tj /F3 1 Tf 19.1908 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms35)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.7623 0 TD (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.0704 0 TD (ms36)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD 0 Tc (.)Tj -26.315 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 13.7361 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (73:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (49-50.)Tj -17.227 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 443.4924 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 91.8473 443.4924 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.5552 Tw (M.R., E. P)Tj 6 0 0 6 133.6336 443.4924 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 0.582 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (TTERSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 162.68 443.4924 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.5552 Tw [(, T)51.5(.)0(W)53.7(.)0( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 198.226 443.4924 Tm 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 206.7441 443.4924 Tm 0.5553 Tw [(, P)102.5(.)0( B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 233.6768 443.4924 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (EDINGER)Tj 8 0 0 8 258.8722 443.4924 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.5552 Tw (, M.C.)Tj -23.5008 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (A)Tj 6 0 0 6 75.9853 433.4924 Tm -0.0002 Tc [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 103.5668 433.4924 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1263 Tw [(, 1999d)-1000.1(New chromosome 2L male-sterile mutant)]TJ /F3 1 Tf -4.0876 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms33)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6113 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (and alleles. Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 18.8943 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (73:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (48-49.)Tj -24.9965 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 408.5426 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 87.9618 408.5426 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0694 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 130.9302 408.5426 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 139.4482 408.5426 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0696 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 168.3893 408.5426 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 195.9708 408.5426 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0695 Tw [(, 2001)-1000.1(New male-sterile)]TJ -15.6381 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.194 Tw (mutant allele of )Tj /F3 1 Tf 7.6393 0 TD 0 Tw (Ms22)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2505 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1939 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 15.2856 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (75:)Tj /F1 1 Tf -25.1754 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (31.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 373.5928 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 87.6671 373.5928 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0326 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 130.0462 373.5928 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 138.5643 373.5928 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0327 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 166.916 373.5928 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 194.4976 373.5928 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.0327 Tw [(, 2002a)-1000.1(W)87.9(e)0( made a mis-)]TJ -15.4539 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (take! )Tj /F3 1 Tf 2.3758 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (ms35)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.6478 0 TD 0.0365 Tw (is allelic to )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.047 0 TD 0 Tw (ms23)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.0364 Tw (, but what is the correct map lo-)Tj -12.3621 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (cation? Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 16.9548 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (76: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (37-38.)Tj -20.4057 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 338.6431 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 88.8061 338.6431 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.175 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.4631 338.6431 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 141.9811 338.6431 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1751 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 172.6108 338.6431 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 200.1923 338.6431 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1751 Tw [(, 2002b)-1000.1(New chromo-)]TJ -16.1658 -1.25 TD 0.3471 Tw (some 10 male-sterile mutant: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 14.1047 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms47)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3471 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -16.3962 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (76: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (38.)Tj -8.3095 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 303.6933 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 88.9202 303.6933 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1892 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.8054 303.6933 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 142.3235 303.6933 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1894 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 173.1814 303.6933 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 200.7629 303.6933 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1893 Tw [(, 2002c)-1000.1(New chromo-)]TJ -16.2371 -1.25 TD 0.35 Tw (some 9L male-sterile mutant: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 14.0961 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms48)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.35 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -16.3876 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (76:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (38.)Tj -8.3495 -1.8687 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 61.3316 268.7435 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 88.8061 268.7435 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.175 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 133.4631 268.7435 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 141.9811 268.7435 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1751 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 172.6108 268.7435 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 200.1923 268.7435 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1751 Tw [(, 2002d)-1000.1(New chromo-)]TJ -16.1658 -1.25 TD 0.3471 Tw (some 10 male-sterile mutant: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 14.1047 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms49)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.3471 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -16.3962 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (76:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (38-39.)Tj 23.5402 54.9247 TD 0 Tc (T)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.4497 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc (RIMNELL)Tj 8 0 0 8 343.9925 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1835 Tw [(M.R., T)51.6(.)0.1(W)53.8(.)0.1( F)]TJ 6 0 0 6 388.7862 688.1409 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (OX)Tj 8 0 0 8 397.3043 688.1409 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1836 Tw (, M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 428.0707 688.1409 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 455.6522 688.1409 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1836 Tw [(, 2002e)-1000.1(New chromo-)]TJ -16.2085 -1.25 TD 0.35 Tw (some 6L male-sterile mutant: )Tj /F3 1 Tf 14.0961 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (ms50)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2915 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.35 Tw (. Maize Genet. Coop.)Tj -16.3876 -1.25 TD 0 Tw (Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.8587 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (76: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (39.)Tj -8.3095 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 318.5112 653.6502 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ARMKE)Tj 8 0 0 8 342.8351 653.6502 Tm 0.2913 Tw (H.E., S.-L.J. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 392.1158 653.6502 Tm -0.0004 Tc 0 Tw (EE)Tj 8 0 0 8 398.8335 653.6502 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.2913 Tw [(, 1977)-1000.2(Mitochondrial degeneration in)]TJ -9.1062 -1.25 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (T)Tj 0.5449 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2456 Tw [(exas cytoplasmic male-sterile cor)-15(n anthers. J. Hered. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 24.6305 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (68:)Tj /F1 1 Tf -25.1754 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc (213-222.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 619.1595 Tm -0.0003 Tc (EN)Tj 8 0 0 8 329.3193 619.1595 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.004 Tw (L., C.D. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 362.4901 619.1595 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HASE)Tj 8 0 0 8 377.0082 619.1595 Tm 0.0039 Tw [(, 1999a)-1000.1(Mitochondrial gene expression in de-)]TJ -6.378 -1.25 TD 0.0832 Tw (veloping male gametophytes of male-fertile and S male-ster-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ile maize. Sex. Plant Reprod. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 12.6765 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (11:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (323-330.)Tj -16.1674 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 584.6689 Tm -0.0003 Tc (EN)Tj 8 0 0 8 330.5681 584.6688 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1601 Tw (L., C.D. C)Tj 6 0 0 6 366.2366 584.6688 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (HASE)Tj 8 0 0 8 380.7547 584.6688 Tm 0 Tc 0.1599 Tw [(, 1999b)-1000(Pleiotropic ef)-9.8(fects of a nuclear re-)]TJ -6.8463 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1453 Tw [(storer)9.6(-of-fertility locus on mitochondrial transcripts in male-)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw [(fertile and S male-sterile maize. Curr)44.8(. Genet. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 19.3687 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (35:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (521-526.)Tj -22.8596 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 550.1782 Tm -0.0003 Tc (EN)Tj 8 0 0 8 329.4318 550.1782 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.018 Tw (L., K.L. R)Tj 6 0 0 6 360.7475 550.1782 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (UESCH)Tj 8 0 0 8 379.3451 550.1781 Tm -0.0003 Tc 0.0181 Tw [(, V)53.7(.M. O)]TJ 6 0 0 6 408.3093 550.1781 Tm 0 Tc 0 Tw (R)Tj 0.5976 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (TEGA)Tj 8 0 0 8 427.0124 550.1781 Tm 0.0179 Tw [(, T)51.6(.L. K)]TJ 6 0 0 6 451.9961 550.178 Tm 0 Tw (AMPS)Tj 8 0 0 8 466.873 550.178 Tm 0.0181 Tw (, S. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 486.1946 550.178 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 500.9485 550.178 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 507.3469 550.178 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 536.5045 550.178 Tm 0 Tc (,)Tj -26.315 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1961 Tw [(2003)-1000.1(A nuclear )]TJ /F3 1 Tf 7.8311 0 TD 0 Tc 0 Tw (r)Tj 0.4219 0 TD -0.0001 Tc [(estor)-32.1(er)9.7(-of-fertility)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 7.8331 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1962 Tw (mutation disrupts accu-)Tj -16.0861 -1.25 TD 0.0803 Tw [(mulation of mitochondrial A)57.6(TP synthase subunit in develop-)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ing pollen of S male-sterile maize. Genetics )Tj /F2 1 Tf 19.0337 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (165:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.2791 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (771-779.)Tj -23.0844 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 505.6875 Tm -0.0002 Tc (EST)Tj 8 0 0 8 332.1412 505.6875 Tm 0.0868 Tw (D.R., M.C. A)Tj 6 0 0 6 376.073 505.6875 Tm 0 Tw [(LBER)-18.1(TSEN)]TJ 8 0 0 8 403.6546 505.6875 Tm 0 Tc 0.0867 Tw [(, 1985)-1000(Three new male-sterile genes.)]TJ -9.7088 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (Maize Genet. Coop. Newsletter )Tj /F2 1 Tf 13.7361 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (59:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7192 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (87.)Tj -17.227 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1304 481.1968 Tm -0.0069 Tc (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 330.1891 481.1968 Tm -0.0053 Tc 0.0628 Tw [(R.P)102.5(., P)102.5(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 365.8527 481.1968 Tm -0.0068 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 391.8493 481.1968 Tm -0.0051 Tc 0.0627 Tw [(, 1994)-990.1(Mapping complementary genes in)]TJ -8.2331 -1.25 TD 0.0184 Tw (maize: Positioning the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 9.7963 0 TD 0.0413 Tc 0 Tw [(rf)47.1(1)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.6002 0 TD -0.0052 Tc (and )Tj /F3 1 Tf 1.9178 0 TD 0.0413 Tc [(rf)47.1(2)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.6002 0 TD -0.0048 Tc 0.018 Tw (nuclear restorers relative to)Tj -14.9145 -1.25 TD -0.0051 Tc 0 Tw [(visible and RFLP markers. Theor)44.7(. Appl. Genet. )]TJ /F2 1 Tf 20.0785 0 TD -0.0059 Tc (88:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6975 0 TD -0.0051 Tc (785-795.)Tj -23.5476 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 446.7062 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 333.1695 446.7062 Tm 0.4103 Tw [(R.P)102.6(., D.R. P)]TJ 6 0 0 6 378.5751 446.7062 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RING)Tj 8 0 0 8 392.6127 446.7062 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.4104 Tw [(, 2002)-1000.2(Nuclear)9.6(-mediated mitochondrial)]TJ -8.3286 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.1579 Tw (gene regulation and male fertility in higher plants: Light at)Tj T* 0.0792 Tw (the end of the tunnel? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA )Tj /F2 1 Tf 22.0064 0 TD -0.0003 Tc 0 Tw (99: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.7485 0 TD 0 Tc (10240-)Tj -23.755 -1.25 TD (10242.)Tj -1.7716 -1.8113 TD (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 402.2155 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 330.184 402.2154 Tm 0.0372 Tw [(R.P)102.6(., D.R. P)]TJ 6 0 0 6 369.6185 402.2154 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (RING)Tj 8 0 0 8 383.6561 402.2153 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0372 Tw (, B.G. G)Tj 6 0 0 6 412.5614 402.2153 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ENGENBACH)Tj 8 0 0 8 447.9564 402.2153 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0372 Tw [(, 1987)-1000.2(Mutation to male-)]TJ -15.2465 -1.25 TD 0.117 Tw [(fertility and toxin insensitivity in T)34.7(exas \(T\)-cytoplasm maize)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0.0445 Tw [(is associated with a frameshift in a mitochondrial open read-)]TJ T* 0 Tw (ing frame. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA )Tj /F2 1 Tf 16.1155 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (84: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD 0 Tc (2858-2862.)Tj -19.5663 -1.8113 TD (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 357.7248 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 330.6005 357.7248 Tm 0.0892 Tw [(R.P)102.6(., C.L. D)]TJ 6 0 0 6 370.5496 357.7248 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (ILL)Tj 8 0 0 8 378.2284 357.7248 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.0892 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 402.3435 357.7248 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 428.6199 357.7248 Tm 0.0892 Tw (, 1996)Tj /F3 1 Tf 3.6688 0 TD 0 Tw (Mutator)Tj /F1 1 Tf 3.4295 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.0893 Tw (-induced muta-)Tj -19.9277 -1.25 TD 0.0149 Tw (tions of the )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.2626 0 TD 0.0468 Tc 0 Tw [(rf)47.1(1)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 1.6182 0 TD 0 Tc 0.0148 Tw (nuclear fertility restorer of T-cytoplasm maize)Tj -6.8808 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.1546 Tw (alter the accumulation of T-)Tj /F3 1 Tf 12.5939 0 TD 0 Tw [(ur)-47.1(f13)]TJ /F1 1 Tf 2.9106 0 TD 0.1545 Tw (mitochondrial transcripts.)Tj -15.5045 -1.25 TD -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (Genetics )Tj /F2 1 Tf 4.0191 0 TD -0.0002 Tc (143: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.239 0 TD 0 Tc (1383-1394.)Tj -8.0297 -1.8113 TD (W)Tj 6 0 0 6 319.1704 313.2341 Tm -0.0002 Tc (ISE)Tj 8 0 0 8 330.9782 313.2341 Tm 0.1364 Tw [(R.P)102.6(., C.R. B)]TJ 6 0 0 6 371.6807 313.234 Tm 0 Tw (RONSON)Tj 8 0 0 8 395.7964 313.234 Tm 0.1364 Tw [(, P)102.6(.S. S)]TJ 6 0 0 6 420.6668 313.2339 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (CHNABLE)Tj 8 0 0 8 446.9432 313.2339 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1364 Tw [(, H.T)51.6(. H)]TJ 6 0 0 6 476.5422 313.2339 Tm 0 Tw (ORNER)Tj 8 0 0 8 495.7375 313.2339 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0.1365 Tw [(, 1999)-1000.1(The)]TJ -21.2192 -1.25 TD -0.0002 Tc 0.2006 Tw [(genetics, pathology, and molecular biology of T-cytoplasm)]TJ T* -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (male sterility in maize. Adv. Agron. )Tj /F2 1 Tf 15.4954 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (65: )Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.6792 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (79-130.)Tj -18.9462 -1.8113 TD 0 Tc (Z)Tj 6 0 0 6 316.6098 278.7435 Tm -0.0001 Tc (ABALA)Tj 8 0 0 8 338.6636 278.7435 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1573 Tw [(G., S. G)]TJ 6 0 0 6 368.2105 278.7435 Tm 0 Tw [(ABA)100.6(Y)]TJ 8 0 0 8 382.9644 278.7435 Tm (-L)Tj 6 0 0 6 389.3628 278.7435 Tm -0.0001 Tc (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 422.337 278.7435 Tm -0.0002 Tc 0.1572 Tw (S, J.R. L)Tj 6 0 0 6 451.0811 278.7435 Tm -0.0001 Tc 0 Tw (AUGHNAN)Tj 8 0 0 8 480.2388 278.7435 Tm 0.1572 Tw [(, 1997)-1000.1(The nu-)]TJ -19.2818 -1.25 TD 0.2029 Tw (clear gene )Tj /F3 1 Tf 5.1646 0 TD -0.0002 Tc 0 Tw (Rf3)Tj /F1 1 Tf 1.9493 0 TD -0.0001 Tc 0.2029 Tw [(af)-9.9(fects the expression of the mitochondrial)]TJ -7.1139 -1.25 TD 0.2303 Tw (chimeric sequence R implicated in S-type male sterility in)Tj T* 0 Tw (maize. Genetics )Tj /F2 1 Tf 7.1182 0 TD -0.0003 Tc (147:)Tj /F1 1 Tf 2.279 0 TD -0.0001 Tc (847-860.)Tj -43.0586 60.2396 TD [(376)-22331.2(D.S. SKIBBE, P)102.7(.S. 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